Physiological Principles Flashcards

1
Q

What is physiology

A

Branch of biology that deals with the function of living matter eg organs and tissues
Involves control of chemical reactions within the body

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2
Q

What is a tissue and 4 main tissue types

A

Tissues are group of cells with interconnected function

  • epithelial tissue
  • connective tissue
  • muscle tissue
  • neuronal tissue
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3
Q

Epithelial tissue

A
  • forms body surfaces

[barriers, secretion, absorption, some movement]

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4
Q

Connective tissue

A

Extracellular matrix - important in tissue structure and function
Connection, structure and protection

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5
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contraction
Generates tension, movement and heat
Examples inc, cardiac, skeletal, smooth

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6
Q

Neuronal tissue

A

High speed communication

Control/ integration

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7
Q

What is an organ system and name 10 organ systems

A

Groups of organs performing related functions, enables basic functions needed to maintain overall homeostasis

Nervous, digestive, respiratory, reproductive, circulatory, musculoskeletal, immune, urinary, integumentary, endocrine

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8
Q

3 properties of water

A
  • liquid
  • high shc
  • polar solvent - dissolves some substances
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9
Q

What is body mostly of and 6 ways to maintain homeostasis

A
  • mostly water [67% of body water]
  • nutrients
  • water
  • oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • salts
  • temp
  • ph
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10
Q

What is homeostasis

A

State of constancy of conditions in body - internal environment

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11
Q

How body maintains homeostasis

A
  1. Sensor - detects change
  2. Integrating centre [controller] - receives information
  3. Effector - responds to change back to normal condition
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12
Q

Name 2 types of homeostatic responses

A

Positive feedback - change in condition leading to a response from the effector which amplifies that change

Negative feedback - change in condition leading to a response which counteracts that change

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13
Q

2 examples of negative feedback and explain

A

Insulin in blood glucose regulation;
Glucose levels increase - insulin released - glucose converted to glycogen
Glucose levels decrease - glucagon release - glycogen converted to glucose

Temperature regulation;
Increase body temp - hypothalamus receptors detect - effectors respond; sweating
Decrease body temp - hypothalamus detects - effectors respond; vasoconstriction

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14
Q

Two examples of positive feedback

A
  • child birth [parturiton]

- blood clotting

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15
Q

Name three disease that can occur is homeostasis is not regulated

A
  • diabetes
  • gum disease
  • cancer
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16
Q

What is cancer

A
  • mutation in dna of malignant cells
  • causes a change in behaviour of cells inc. communication with other cells
  • disrupts tissue homeostasis
  • normal tissue structure breakdown, allowing cancer cells to spread
17
Q

Diabetes and gum disease

A

Diabetes;

  • metabolic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
  • characteristics - hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose)
  • high morbidity (illness) and mortality (death)

Dental disease can be caused due to diabetes

Gum disease;

  • red swollen gums
  • increased bleeding whilst brushing
  • increased plaque therefore can result in PERIODONTITIS AND GINGIVITIS - gum disease followed by tooth decay