Physiological Principles Flashcards
What is physiology
Branch of biology that deals with the function of living matter eg organs and tissues
Involves control of chemical reactions within the body
What is a tissue and 4 main tissue types
Tissues are group of cells with interconnected function
- epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
- muscle tissue
- neuronal tissue
Epithelial tissue
- forms body surfaces
[barriers, secretion, absorption, some movement]
Connective tissue
Extracellular matrix - important in tissue structure and function
Connection, structure and protection
Muscle tissue
Contraction
Generates tension, movement and heat
Examples inc, cardiac, skeletal, smooth
Neuronal tissue
High speed communication
Control/ integration
What is an organ system and name 10 organ systems
Groups of organs performing related functions, enables basic functions needed to maintain overall homeostasis
Nervous, digestive, respiratory, reproductive, circulatory, musculoskeletal, immune, urinary, integumentary, endocrine
3 properties of water
- liquid
- high shc
- polar solvent - dissolves some substances
What is body mostly of and 6 ways to maintain homeostasis
- mostly water [67% of body water]
- nutrients
- water
- oxygen and carbon dioxide
- salts
- temp
- ph
What is homeostasis
State of constancy of conditions in body - internal environment
How body maintains homeostasis
- Sensor - detects change
- Integrating centre [controller] - receives information
- Effector - responds to change back to normal condition
Name 2 types of homeostatic responses
Positive feedback - change in condition leading to a response from the effector which amplifies that change
Negative feedback - change in condition leading to a response which counteracts that change
2 examples of negative feedback and explain
Insulin in blood glucose regulation;
Glucose levels increase - insulin released - glucose converted to glycogen
Glucose levels decrease - glucagon release - glycogen converted to glucose
Temperature regulation;
Increase body temp - hypothalamus receptors detect - effectors respond; sweating
Decrease body temp - hypothalamus detects - effectors respond; vasoconstriction
Two examples of positive feedback
- child birth [parturiton]
- blood clotting
Name three disease that can occur is homeostasis is not regulated
- diabetes
- gum disease
- cancer