PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS 2 Flashcards
1
Q
black cloth or drape, used to check the integrity of the central visual field is called
_________.
A. Perimeter arc
B. projection screen
C. tangent screen
D. amsler grid
A
C
2
Q
- Where will the lesion in visual pathway be if there is complete blindness of the ipsilateral eye?
A. optic tract
B. optic nerve
C. optic chiasma
D. optic radiation
A
B
3
Q
- Where in the visual pathway do impulses from one eye join the impulses from the other eye?
A. optic tract
B. optic nerve
C. optic chiasma
D. optic radiation
A
C
4
Q
What anatomical structure is said to be the counterpart of the blindspot?
A. fovea
B. optic disc
C. fundus
D. macula
B
A
5
Q
- What is the distance of the blindspot from the point of fixation?
A. 1 degree
B. 5 degrees 28 minutes
C. 7 degrees 40 minutes
D. 15 degrees 49 minutes
A
D
6
Q
- What is the vertical measurement of the blindspot?
A. 1 degree
B. 5 degrees 28 minutes
C. 7 degrees 40 minutes
D. 15 degrees 49 minutes
A
C
7
Q
______________is the loss of half of the field of view on the same side in both eyes.
A. altitudinal hemianopsia
B. heteronymous hemianopsia
C. homonymous hemianopsia
D. scotoma
C
A
8
Q
- ___________ provides the standardization and reproducibility required for the detailed visual
field analysis.
A. tangent screen
B. amsler grid
C. perimeter arc
D. octopus perimeter
D
A
9
Q
- Damage to the decussating fibers of the optic chiasm produces _____________.
A. binasal hemianopsia
B. bitemporal hemianopsia
C. altitudinal hemianopsia
D. monocular blindness
A
B
10
Q
_____________ is a crude visual field test that can be done by having the patient look
straight ahead and count the fingers shown by the examiner in the visual field.
A. scotometry
B. perimetry
C. confrontation
D. campimetry
A
C
11
Q
- __________refers to an area that cannot see any of the stimuli, not even the brightest.
A. relative scotoma
B. negative scotoma
C. absolute scotoma
D. positive scotoma
A
C
12
Q
- The limit of any given field at any given case is called _________.
A. visual acuity
B. isopter
C. contrast sensitivity
D. glare control
A
B
13
Q
Which is NOT a proper procedure for Amsler grid testing?
A. near prescription is worn
B. both eyes are tested simultaneously
C. missing or distorted lines noted
D. the patient looks at the central dot as fixation
A
B
14
Q
- The temporal side of the retina projects images to the _______.
A. superior visual field
B. temporal visual field
C. inferior visual field
D. nasal visual field
A
D
15
Q
- Which term is used to describe visual field defects which are perfectly the same in all
aspects?
A. homonymous
B. congruous
C. incongruous
D. heteronymous
A
B
16
Q
What will be the possible condition present if there is lesion in the left optic tract?
A. B. C. D. right homonymous hemianopsia with Wernicke’s pupillary reflex
left homonymous hemianopsia with Wernicke’s pupillary reflex
right homonymous hemianopsia with normal pupillary reflex
left homonymous hemianopsia with normal pupillary reflex
A
A
17
Q
- Blindspot is NOT _____ .
A. an absolute scotoma
B. a negative scotoma
C. nasally located
D. present in all individuals
A
C
18
Q
- When performing the Hirshberg procedure, one millimeter of reflex displacement equals
approximately ___ prism diopters of eye deviation.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 30
A
C
19
Q
When looking through a horizontal Maddox rod at a point light source, the patient will
see______ and ________ is revealed.\
A. a horizontal line and horizontal deviation
B. a vertical line and vertical deviation
C. a horizontal line and vertical deviation
D. a vertical line and horizontal deviation
A
D
20
Q
. A lateral deviation can be measured with:
A. Red horizontal maddox rod and prism ready to turn base in or out
B. Red vertical maddox rod and prism ready to turn up or down
C. Red vertical maddox rod and prism ready to turn base in or out
D. Red horizontal maddox rod and prism ready to turn up or down
A
A
21
Q
- A patient who tilts his hear to the left, is more likely to be suffering from weakness of the
_____.
A. left inferior oblique
B. right inferior oblique
C. left superior rectus
D. left superior oblique
A
A
22
Q
- The first step in fusional vergence testing is to slowly increase the prism power until the
patient reports:
A. the double image coming back into one image
B. the single image breaking into two images
C. the single image getting blurry
D. the single image moves in one direction
A
C
23
Q
What type of deviation is seen when only one eye deviates from parallelism at all times?
A. alternating
B. intermittent
C. constant
D. monocular
A
D
24
Q
- What type of strabismus is characterized by one or more extraocular muscles or nerves may
not be functioning properly?
A. incomitant
B. constant
C. comitant
D. non-paralytic
A
A
25
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—
26
_______ indicates the variation in brightness of an object.
A. visual acuity
B. visual field
C. glare sensitivity
D. contrast
D
27
27. Lesion in the post-chiasmal region that brings about homonymous hemianopsia in the left
visual field and normal direct and consensual light reflexes, is found in the _____.
A. a.Frontal lobe
b.Temporal lobe
C. c. occipital lobe
D. d. pariental lobe
C
28
A patient comes to your clinic complaining of seeing obscured portion of the reading
material where the line of sight is supposedly directed. Your initial diagnosis and examination
will be:
A. Uncorrected ametropia; retinoscopy
B. Central visual field defect; amsler grid
C. Peripheral visual field defect; confrontation
D. Increased intra-ocular pressure; tonometry
B
29
29. 4.The typical visual field defect found in a patient with glaucoma is:
A. Homonymous hemianopsia, due to the involvement of post-chiasmal pathway
B. Heteronymous hemianopsia; due to the involvement of the chiasma
C. Arcuate scotoma; due to the involvement of the papillomacular bundle
D. Central round scotoma; due to the involvement of the retina near the optic disc
C
30
30. A girl diagnosed with pituitary adenoma will typically:
A. B. a.need a bifocal for magnification purposes
b. need a field enhancer for bringing the image of the object in the deficient visual field to
the usable portion of the visual field
C. c. need a yoke prism to move the gaze towards the seeing area
D. d. need a telescope unit for distance magnification 1
B
31
A lesion in the right optic tract will cause:
A. Left congruous hemianopsia with Wernicke’s pupillary reflex
B. Left incongruous hemianopsia without Wernicke’s pupillary reflex
C. Left incongruous hemianopsia with Wernicke’s pupillary reflex
D. Left congruous hemianopsia without Wernicke’s pupillary reflex
C
32
32. Your patient has undergone central visual field examination and was found to have a
paracoecal scotoma. Which of the following diagnostic procedures was most likely applicable in
aiding your diagnosis?
A. Amsler grid, white lines against black background
B. Tangent screen, white target
C. Perimeter arc, white target
D. Confrontation, finger counting
B
33
33. What is the term given to a visual field defect which occupies more than ¼ but less than ½
of the visual field?
A. complete hemianopsia
B. total hemianopsia
C. incomplete hemianopsia
D. relative hemianopsia
C
34
34. A 3 year-old child was brought to your clinic for assessment of ocular alignment. You
decided to use a non-invasive screening test, that will be:
A. Bruckner test
B. 4 prism BO test d. Krimsky test
C. Alternate cover prism test
D. Krimsky test
A
35
Following the Sheard’s criterion, how much fusional reserve should be present in a patient
with 8 esophoria to be able to say that the phoria is compensated?
a. Positive Fusional Reserve should be at least 8 ∆
B. Negative Fusional Reserve should be at least 8 ∆
C. Positive Fusional Reserve should be at least 16 ∆
d. Negative Fusional Reserve should be at least 16 ∆
D
36
Essentially no deviation or only a small one in primary position, although exotropia is
present in upward and downward gaze.
A. H pattern
B. Y pattern
C. X pattern
D. V pattern
C
37
37. Prism prescription is usually temporary and is always accompanied by _____.
A. vision therapy program
B. strabismus surgery
C. occlusion of one eye
D. lens correction
A
38
Prism can significantly improve a patient's comfort by relieving diplopia and/or asthenopia.
A. Definitely NOT true
B. True
B
39
39. A prismatic effect can be obtained at the center of the lens, if the edge thickness on one
side of the lens is made thicker than the other side. This technique is applied in producing
_____.
A. decentration
B. Fresnel prism
C. yoke prism
D. ground-in prism
D
40
THE FOLLOWING ARE PRACTICAL TIPS IN PRESCRIBING PRISMS
- GENERALLY SPLIT PRISM BETWEEN EYES UNLESS NON-CONCOMITANT DEVIATION
- PLASTIC LENSES AND SMALL EYE SIZE FRAME REDUCE GROUND IN PRISM WEIGHT
- FOR DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF PRISM AT TWO VIEWING DISTANCES, CONSIDER A FRAME WITH MATCHING CLIP ON SUNGLASSES
41
This criterion for prescribing prism states that the heterophoria should be in the middle third
of the total range of fusional amplitude.
A. Sheard's Criterion
B. Percival's Criterion
C. Clinical Wisdom Criterion
D. Residual Vergence Demand Criterion
B
42
The following are ways to dissociate the eyes, EXCEPT:
A. Von Graefe Technique
B. Maddox Rod Test
C. Worth's four dot
D. Krimsky's Test
D
43
43. Occurs after surgical overcorrection of an exotropia.
A. esophoria
B. consecutive esotropia
C. mechanical exotropia
D. secondary esotropia
B
44
Type of reduction in visual acuity which is due to causes such as hysteria or malingering.
A. Functional amblyopia
B. Organic amblyopia
C. Psychogenic ambylopia
D. Nutritional amblyopia
C
45
Suppression that is present at all times.
A. obligatory
B. facultative
C. central
D. peripheral
A
46
The impinging of an incident ray of light upon the eye and its transmission through various
transparent media.
A. interpretative process
B. photo-chemical process
C. physical process
D. neuro-muscular process
C
47
47. It is a condition where there is abnormality in the shape of the pupil.
A. dyscoria
B. corectopia
C. polycoria
D. isocoria
A
48
What condition is present when there are new blood vessels growing near the cornea due to
low oxygen supply?
A. corneal edema
B. corneal haze
C. corneal opacity
D. corneal neovascularization
D
49
49. Anterior bulging or protrusion of the eyeball due to excessive stimulation of the capsule’s
muscles.
A. exophthalmos
B. microphthalmia
C. endophthalmos
D. anosmia
A
50
What structure produces the aqueous humor?
A. ciliary muscle
B. cilliary process
C. suspensory ligament
D. epithelium
B
51
51. Process of seeing constituting the real seeing where interpretation of the stimulus received
by the retina happens.
A. physical process
B. psychological process
C. neuro muscular process
D. photo chemical process
B
52
It is located 13 mm behind the anterior pole of the cornea where axes of the eye pass
through.
A. median axis
B. center of rotation
C. equatorial axis
D. visual axis
B
53
53. The following structures are found in the vascular coat EXCEPT
A. iris
B. ciliary body
C. choroid
D. retina
D
54
What other term is given to the innermost tunic of the eyeball?
A. sensory tunic
B. functional tunic
C. nervous tunic
D. all of the above
D
55
55. It is the displacement of the pupil from its normal, central position.
A. dyscoria
B. corectopia
C. anisocoria
D. diplopia
B
56
What other term is given to the efferent nerves?
A. sensory nerves
B. facial nerves
C. motor nerves
D. visual nerves
C
57
57. The conversion of light stimulus into electrical impulse in the photoreceptors is called?
A. Phototransformation
B. Phototransduction
C. Photoconversion
D. Photodispersion
B
58
It is an image of the retinal blood vessels in one's own eye and can be seen by shining the
beam of a small bright light penlight through the pupil from the periphery of a subject's vision.
This results in an image of the light being focused on the periphery of the retina.
A. Ectopic phenomenon
B. Entopic phenomenon
C. Haloes
D. Purkinje Tree
E. Phosphene
D
59
59. These are sensations that comes from inside the eye and may be derived from ocular
media, retinal vasculature or from pressure applied to the globe.
A. Ectopic phenomenon
B. Entopic phenomenon
C. Haloes
D. Purkinje Tree
E. Phosphene
B
60
What is the visual pigment of cones?
A. rods
B. cones
C. iodopsin
D. rhodopsin
C
61
61. Bright outer rings of a circular diffraction pattern, with the central bright spot not visible
because it overlaps the direct image of the light.
A. Ectopic phenomenon
B. Entopic phenomenon
C. Haloes
D. Purkinje Tree
E. Phosphene
C
62
The generation of the nerve impulse in the retina and its transmission by a chain of neuron
to the central nervous system (CNS).
A. interpretative process
B. physical process
C. photo-chemical process
D. NEURO-MUSCULAR PROCESS
D
63
These drifting blobs of varying size, shape, and transparency, which are particularly
noticeable when viewing a bright, featureless background or a point source of diffuse light very
close to the eye.
A. Muscae Volitantes
B. Entopic phenomenon
C. Haloes
D. Purkinje Tree
E. Phosphene
A
64
64. The transformation of radiant energy at the neuro-epithelium of the retina into some other
form of energy.
A. interpretative process
B. physical process
C. photo-chemical process
D. neuro-muscular process
E. Option 5
C
65
It is the perception of light without light actually entering the eye.
A. Ectopic phenomenon
B. Entopic phenomenon
C. Haloes
D. Purkinje Tree
E. Phosphene
E
66
66. The limb of the pupillary pathway that senses incoming light from the retina to the pretectal
nucleus.
A. preganglionic fiber
B. efferent pathway
C. ganglionic nerve fibers
D. afferent pathway
D
67
The process when light is absorbed and transformed into the electrochemical signals used
by the nervous system.
A. Refraction
B. Transduction
C. Diffraction
D. Absorption
B
68
68. The process by which a beam of light or other system of waves is spread out as a result of
passing through a narrow aperture or across an edge.
A. Refraction
B. Transduction
C. Diffraction
D. Absorption
C
69
The limb of the pupillary pathway that drives muscles that constrict the pupil from the
edinger westphal nucleus to the sphincter pupillae.
A. preganglionic fiber
B. efferent pathway
C. ganglionic nerve fibers
D. afferent pathway
B
70
70. It is the inequality of the sizes of the two pupils.
A. anisometropia
B. isocoria
C. anisocoria
D. corectopia
C
71
The transformation of radiant energy at the neuro-epithelium of the retina into some other
form of energy.
A. Angle Gamma
B. Angle Alpha
C. Angle Lambda
D. Angle Kappa
B
72
It is the angle between optical axis and fixation axis at the center of rotation.
A. Angle Gamma
B. Angle Kappa
C. Angle Alpha
D. Angle Lambda
A
73
IT is the angle formed between the pupillary axis and line of sight.
A. Angle Lambda
B. Angle Kappa
C. Angle Gamma
D. Angle Alpha
A
74
It is the angle between visual axis and pupillary line.
A. Angle Gamma
B. Angle Kappa
C. Angle Alpha
D. Angle Lambda
B
75
What is/are the synergist muscle on the right eye in levoversion?
A. Medial rectus
B. Lateral rectus
C. Superior and inferior recti
D. Superior and inferior obliques
C
76
77. Relative hypertropia and incyclorotation of the involved eye are symptom and signs of
weak?
A. Superior rectus
B. Inferior rectus
C. Superior oblique
D. Inferior oblique
B
77
The following describes crossed physiologic diplopia except?
A. Diplopia for objects nearer than the point of binocular fixation
B. Right and left fovea are stimulated at distance fixation
C. Common on exophoric conditions
D. None of the above
D
78
79. What muscles are involved in dextrocycloversion?
A. RSR, LIO
B. RIR, LSR
C. RSO, LIO
D. RIO, LSO
D
79
Where will the target be localized if the image falls on the left temporal retina?
A. Right
B. Left
C. Center
D. No projection
A
80
81. What is the agonist muscle of the right eye when the right eye is deviated out and down?
A. Inferior Rectus
A
81
—
82
What theory of fusion states that single image is merely a projection of two identical images
to the same perceptual position, and two ocular images are perceived as one because of their
community location?
A. Worth’s theory
B. Theory of retinal rivalry
C. Wall’s theory
D. Verhoeff’s theory
C
83
83. A stereogram with almost similar targets with minimal difference is used to check?
A. Flat fusion
B. Superimposition
C. Simultaneous perception
D. Both b and c
A
84
The following statements are true with anomalous retinal correspondence except?
A. Fovea has acquired a common visual direction with an extra foveal area of the other eye
B. Adaptation results from an alternate fixation and deviation of both eyes
C. It results to single vision because of the re orientation
D. Requires a long standing constant and unilateral deviation
B
85
85. What do you call the line in the primary position of the plane of regard which bisects the line
connecting the centers of rotation of both eyes?
A. Baseline
B. Primary sagittal line
C. Plane of regard
D. Line of sight
B
86
What muscle of the left eye is overacting if the left eye is deviated down and in?
A. Inferior Rectus
B. Superior Oblique
C. Inferior Oblique
D. Superior Rectus
B
87
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—
88
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89
What will be the response of a patient with esophoria in Maddox rod rest, if the maddox is
placed before the right eye?
A. Presence of spot or streak of light
B. Spot of light to the right of the streak of light
C. Streak of light to the right of the spot of light
D. Streak of light to the left of the spot of light
C
90
What is the agonist muscle of the right eye if the patient head tilts to the left?
A. Inferior oblique
B. Superior oblique
C. Inferior rectus
D. Superior rectus
A
91
91. What term is given for the diplopia observed for objects beyond the point of binocular
fixation?
A. Pathological
B. Physiological
C. Crossed
D. Uncrossed
D
92
What condition is characterized by having either eye capable of assuming deviation?
A. Intermittent squint
B. Monocular squint
C. Constant squint
D. Alternating squint
D
93
93. What angle is formed by the intersection of line of sight and optic axis at the point located
13.5mm behind the cornea?
A. Angle alpha
B. Angle lambda
C. Angle gamma
D. Angle beta
C
94
The following is true with Maddox rod test, except?
A. Horizontal Maddox rod is used for lateral phoria assessment
B. Presence of only a streak or spot of light indicates suppression
C. Vertical Maddox rod is used for lateral phoria assessment
D. Vertical streak of light is used for lateral phoria assessment
C
95
What is the direction of prism used in increasing the positive fusional reserve?
A. Base in
B. Base out
C. Base up
D. Base down
B
96
96. In declination, right and left inferior recti are?
A. Agonists
B. Antagonists
C. Synergists
D. Yoke muscles
C
97
97. A person with a temporally displaced corneal light reflex is said to have?
A. Esotropia
B. Exotropia
C. Orthophoria
D. Hypertropia
A
98
Which of the following statements is not true with the extra ocular muscles?
A. Most extra ocular muscle is innervated by the occulomotor nerve
B. All extraocular muscle except inferior rectus originate from the annulus of zinn
C. Medial rectus is the strongest and broadest muscle, and has the closest insertion from
limbus
D. Superior rectus is the longest extraocular muscle if the tendon is excluded
B
99
Which of the following is not true with heterophoria?
A. Deviation is only revealed when fusion is interrupted
B. It is describe as the tendency of the eye to deviate from parallelism
C. Can be asymptomatic
D. Will be decompensated if the compensating duction is twice the demand
WALANG ANSWER TAKTE
100
When right inferior rectus and left superior oblique contracts simultaneously, the resulting
position is?
A. Levosupraversion
B. Levoinfraversion
C. Dextrosupraversion
D. Dextroinfraversion
D
101
101. In positive vertical divergence, right inferior rectus and left superior rectus are?
A. Agonists
B. Antagonists
C. Synergists
D. Yoke muscles
B
102
102. What line is drawn from the object of regard to a point 13.5 mm behind the cornea?
A. Visual axis
B. Line of sight
C. Optic axis
D. Pupillary axis
B
103
==
104
The intersection of the optic and transverse axes will divide the eyeball to?
A. Right and left hemispheres
B. Anterior and posterior halves
C. Upper and lower portion
D. None of the above
C
105
What type of movement is created if the antagonists muscles are right superior oblique and
left inferior rectus?
A. Dextroinfraversion
B. Dextrosupraversion
C. Levoinfraversion
D. Levosupraversion
D
106
106. What will be the patient’s response in Worth’s four-dots Test if there is long term
strabismus with anomalous retinal correspondence?
A. Four dots
B. 2 dots
C. 3 dots
D. Diplopia response
E. Other:
A
107
107. Which among the following is not true with regards to development of binocular vision?
A. Eyes are normally hyperopic at birth
B. The first sign of development of fixation is when eyes follow large objects
C. Visual acuity is expected to be 20/20 at the age of three
D. Foveas are fully formed at the age of 3 months
B
108
What term denotes equality of the size of the retinal images, which is considered as one
pre requisite of binocular vision?
A. Iso-oxyopia
B. Aniso-oxyopia
C. Aniseikonia
D. Iseikonia
D
109
109. What type of fixation is characterized by series of rapid fixation and is used to survey
quickly the details of a view subtending a relatively large area of the visual field?
A. Saccadic fixation
B. Smooth pursuit
C. Voluntary fixation
D. Scanning fixation
D
110
110. What plane of the eye is created by the intersection of vertical and transverse axes?
A. Horizontal plane
B. Median plane
C. Equatorial plane
D. Plane of regard
C
111
Holds the lens with the suspensory ligaments and also adjusts the shape of the lens during
accommodation
A. Ciliary body
B. Zonules of Zinn
C. Choroid
D. Ciliary muscle
D
112
112. A condition in which the AA is normal, but fatigue occurs with repeated accommodative
stimulation.
A. Accommodative Insufficiency
B. Ill-sustained Accommodation
C. Accommodative Infacility
D. Accommodative Spasm
B
113
113. Manifested as an inability to allow the adaptation spasticity prevailing in the ciliary muscle
relaxes without measurable myopia
A. Accommodative Insufficiency
B. Ill-sustained Accommodation
C. Accommodative Infacility
D. Accommodative Spasm
D
114
Inability of the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens to focus the image at far or
near distances.
A. Accommodative Insufficiency
B. Ill-sustained Accommodation
C. Accommodative Paralysis
D. Accommodative Spasm
C
115
115. Amount of accommodation is not enough to compensate the reading distance.
A. Accommodative Insufficiency
B. Ill-sustained Accommodation
C. Accommodative Paralysis
D. Accommodative Spasm
A
116
116. Occurs when the accommodative system exhibits a considerable lag between the stimulus
to accommodation and the accommodative response.
A. Accommodative Insufficiency
B. Ill-sustained Accommodation
C. Accommodative Infacility
C
117
Refers to the maximum potential increase in optical power that an eye can achieve in
adjusting its focus.
A. Positive Relative Accommodation
B. Relative Fusional Reserve
C. Negative Relative Accommodation
D. Amplitude of Accommodation
D
118
118. All are causes of Entoptic Phenomena except:
A. Corneal corrugation
B. Corneal haloes
C. Corneal corona
D. Corneal scratch
D
119
119. Situated in sagittal plane of the head where equal angles are formed
A. Range of Convergence
B. Amplitude of Convergence
C. Symmetrical Convergence
D. Asymmetrical Convergence
C
120
Distance between far point and near point of convergence
A. Amplitude of Convergence
B. Symmetrical Convergence
C. Asymmetrical Convergence
A
121
121. Difference in power exerted to maintain the eye in rest and in position of maximum
convergence.
A. Range of Convergence
B. Amplitude of Convergence
C. Symmetrical Convergence
D. Asymmetrical Convergence
B
122
122. Point of fixation lies away from the medial plane angle subtended by two visual axes that
differs from each other.
A. Range of Convergence
B. Amplitude of Convergence
C. Symmetrical Convergence
D. Asymmetrical Convergence
D
123
Defined as a small, rapid pin-point sparks of light darting about in the central vision.
A. Floaters
B. Purkinje Image
C. Entoptic Phenomena
D. Shadows
C
124
124. Discovered the Trichromatic Theory
A. Johannes Kepler
B. Donders
C. Young and Helmholtz
D. Ewald Hering
C
125
125. The of color mixing that occurs when you illuminate colored filters with white light from
behind,
A. Additive Color Mixing
B. Subtractive Color Mixing
C. Primary Color Mixing
D. Secondary Color Mixing
B
126
The of color mixing that occurs when two beams of light that are superimposed mix their
colors
A. Additive Color Mixing
B. Subtractive Color Mixing
C. Primary Color Mixing
D. Secondary Color Mixing
A
127
127. Bisects central fixation and divides the visual field into a nasal and temporal hemifield.
A. Peripheral Visual Field
B. Temporal Hemifield
C. Vertical Line
D. Central Vision
C
128
128. Refers to as the normal blind spot approximately 12 to 17 degrees from fixation and 1.5
degrees below the horizontal meridian.
A. Peripheral Visual Field
B. Temporal Hemifield
C. Vertical Line
D. Central Vision
B
129
Includes the inner 30 degrees of vision and central fixation
A. Peripheral Visual Field
B. Temporal Hemifield
C. Vertical Line
D. Central Vision
D
130
130. Extends 100 degrees laterally, 60 degrees medially, 60 degrees upward, and 75 degrees
downward
A. Peripheral Visual Field
B. Temporal Hemifield
C. Vertical Line
D. Central Vision
A
131
131. Represented on a visual field chart by an absolute scotoma and corresponds anatomically
to the scleral canal through which the retinal nerve fibers leave the optic disc.
A. Peripheral Visual Field
B. Temporal Hemifield
C. Vertical Line
D. Blindspot
D
132
Type of perimeter where spots of light are shown on the white interior of a half sphere and
slowly moved inwards until the observer sees them
A. Kinetic
B. Static
C. Dynamic
D. None of the above
A
133
Visual Field Loss may occur due to:
A. Diseases or disorders of the eye, optic nerve and brain
B. Lesions on the visual pathway causing visual disturbances
C. Diseases affecting the macula causing central field defects
D. All of the above
D
134
134. Isopters in normal visual fields are ____ in shape.
A. Circular
B. Oval
C. Spindle
D. Rectangular
B
135
Visual Field Defect when there is a lesion in the chiasm.
A. Heteronymous field defect
B. Quadrantanopia
C. Bitemporal Hemianopsia
D. Homonymous Scotoma
C
136
136. It is a color vision anomaly wherein one of the cones is altered in its spectral sensitivity
A. Color Vision Deficiency
B. Color Vision Defect
C. Cone Monochromacy
D. Rod Monochromacy
A
137
137. It is a color vision problem wherein one of the three groups of cone cells in the retina is
missing or not functioning
A. Color Vision Deficiency
B. Color Vision Defect
C. Cone Monochromacy
D. Rod Monochromacy
B
138
It is a type of condition wherein there is presence of 4 different cone types.
A. Tetrachromacy
B. Trichromacy
C. Dichromacy
D. Achromatopsia
A
139
139. What Color Vision problem denotes the pattern in Farnsworth D-15 test
Image unavailable
A. Protan
B. Deutan
C. Tritan
D. Rod Monochromacy
D
140
140. What Color Vision problem denotes the pattern in Farnsworth D-15 test
Image unavailable
A. Protan
B. Deutan
C. Tritan
D. Rod Monochromacy
B
141
What Color Vision problem denotes the pattern in Farnsworth D-15 test
Image unavailable
A. Protan
B. Deutan
C. Tritan
D. Rod Monochromacy
A
142
142. What Color Vision problem denotes the pattern in Farnsworth D-15 test
Image unavailable
A. Protan
B. Deutan
C. Tritan
D. Rod Monochromacy
C
143
143. All are functions of the rod cells except:
A. Peripheral vision
B. Detection of forms and details
C. Motion detection
D. Scotopic vision
B
144
The following are functions of cones except:
A. Central vision
B. Color vision perception
C. Photopic Vision
D. Motion detection
D
145
145. It describes a region of luminance levels and color temperatures that are often viewed as
comfortable or pleasing to an observer
A. Kruith of curve
B. Spectral Colors
C. Color Constancy
D. Entoptic Imagery
A
146
146. It states that The ability of the human eye to distinguish colors is based upon the varying
sensitivity of photoreceptors in the retina particularly the cones to light of different wavelengths.
A. Opponent Theory of Colors
B. Trichromatic Theory
C. Retinex Theory
D. Duplicity Theory
B
147
type of monochromacy that happens due to the absence of the functionality of blue and
green cone
A. B cone monochromacy
B. L cone monochromacy
C. S cone Monochromacy
D. M cone monochromacy
B
148
148. A type of monochromacy that happens due to the absence of the functionality of blue and
red cone.
A. B cone monochromacy
B. L cone monochromacy
C. S cone Monochromacy
D. M cone monochromacy
D
149
149. Defines as range from pure color to gray
A. Hue
B. Saturation
C. Brightness
D. Lightness
B
150
150. Shifting of the visual system from cone-dominated vision to rod-dominated
A. Purkinje’s Phenomenon
B. Moore’s Lightning Streaks
C. Phosphene
D. Floaters
A
