OCULAR DISEASE 1 Flashcards by Norhannafarina Hamdag

The most significant changes in the older eye is senile miosis. The following are its effects when an older eye has miosis, except for one.

a. It reduces retinal illuminance and diameter of retinal blur circles when the eye is out of focus
b. At low levels of illumination, uncorrected VA may appear to improve with age
c. It makes fundus ecam difficult through the undilated pupil
d. The range of clear vision at near through any addition appears to increase with age

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It assesses the integrity of the retina and the visual system by direct observation

a. Color Vision screening and glare sensitivity
b. Subjective refraction
c. Amsler grid and contrast sensitivity
d. Ophthalmoscopy and Biomicroscopy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clinician Dan observes a blueish ring around the edge of the cornea. This age-related change is called

a. Cataract
b. Arcus senilis
c. Tapedum Lucidum
d. Pterygium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Patient Viko is a 72-year ild male retiree. He has been complaining of different eye conditions. Recently, he observes a curtain-like shadow in his field of vision. Your tentative diagnosis would be ___________.

a. Posterior Vitreous Detachment
b. Nuclear Cataract
c. Retinal Detachment
d. Age related macular degeneration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A sudden increase in the amount of flashes of light and floaters can be indicative of a retinal problem called ______.

a. Retinopathy
b. Retinal Tear
c. Retinitis Pigmentosa
d. Retinal Hole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The most common symptom when the vitreous humor changes from a thick vitreous gel to a thin liquid substance

a. Flashes of light
b. Visual debris
c. Vitreous floaters
d. Black spots on the field of vision

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This condition is experienced when a patient tend to lift the eyelid by brow elevation

a. Dermatochalasis
b. Entropion
c. Blepharoptosis
d. Ectropion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The following are causes of entropion, except for one.

a. The total atrophy of orbital fat that results in enophthalmos
b. Horizontal eyelid laxity
c. Overriding of preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle to the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle
d. Vertical eyelid laxity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mr. Pep, 62, came to the clinic to have an eye examination because of complaints of excessive tearing.

Biomicroscopy was conducted and initial observation found out that the inner eyelid is exposed and the eyelid has
been tearing out. Your initial diagnosis would be ________________.

a. Severe keratoconjunctivits sicca
b. Dermatochalasis
c. Trichiasis
d. Ectropion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Age-related corneal changes occur in the following except for one layer
a. Corneal epithelium
b. Bowman’s capsule
c. Corneal Stroma
d. Corneal Endothelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The layer of the cornea that increase its thickness when age related changes begin to appear in the corneal shape and optical properties

a. Descemet’s membrane
b. Corneal stroma
c. Bowman’s capsule
d. Corneal Epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All are true, except for one about a vertical fold observed over the angle of the inner canthus

a. It is present in many infants and mostly disappear in few years
b. It causes rounding of the medial canthal area
c. There is an appearance of short palpebral fissure
d. It fully covers the upper eyelid and eyelashes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It has no effect on vision except to give older people something to watch on an empty field or when bored
a. Floaters
b. Flashes of light
c. Cataract
d. Scotoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ophthalmoscopy was conducted to a patient with dry AMD and observed a small, solid round deposits in the patient’s fundus. This is called ____________.

a. Hard Drusen
b. Lacunae
c. Retinal Tear
d. Soft Drusen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is characterized by microaneurysms, dot and blot haemorrhages and exudates

a. Background Diabetic Retinopathy
b. Diabetic Maculopathy
c. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
d. Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Principal treatment option of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

a. Panretinal photocoagulation
b. Application of travaprost once every day during bedtime
c. Instilling beta blockers to reduce IOP by decreasing aqueous production
d. Performing laser iridotomy by creating a hole in the iris using a laser to open the angle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This condition is considered to be one of the “true” ocular emergencies

a. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
b. Ocular Hypertension
c. Normal Tension Glaucoma
d. Hypertensive Retinopathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

They type of AMD associated with more rapid progression to advance sight loss

a. Non-exudative AMD
b. Neovascular AMD
c. Non neovascular AMD
d. Dry AMD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The retinal layers where cystoid macular edema accumulates fluid with the formation of tiny cyst-like cavities

a. RPE and Layers of rods and cones
b. Outer limiting layer and outer plexiform layer
c. Outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer
d. Outer limiting layer and inner nuclear layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most common area of the visual field affected when a patient have BRVO
a. Superonasal
b. Inferonasal
c. Inferotemporal
d. superotemporal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The pupillary defect is present in the following conditions, except for one

a. Hypertensive Retinopathy
b. Non-ischaemic CRVO
c. Ischaemic CRVO
d. CRAO

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In treating neovascularization, this procedure is conducted to prevent neovascular glaucoma and abnormal blood vessels

a. Pan retinal photocoagulation
b. Laser Iridectomy
c. Vitrectomy
d. Phacoemulsification

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The following except for one are symptoms of having Diabetic Retinopathy

a. Cotton wool spots
b. Blurring of vision
c. Difficulty seeing well at night
d. Seeing spots of floaters

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following that has spherical protrusion that may appear in the anterior or posterior part of the lens that produces visual impairment?

a. Lentiglobus
b. Microphakia
c. Aphakia
d. Cataract

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is the absence of the lens of the eye, due to surgical removal, perforating wound or ulcer, or congenital anomaly; causes a loss of accommodation, hyperopia and a deep anterior chamber? a. Lentiglobus b. Lens Coloboma c. Macrophakia d. Aphakia

Which of the following has a defect in the lens equator than can be seen together with the absence of zonular fiber? a. Aphakia b. Microphakia c. Lens Coloboma d. Cataract

Which of the following type of cataract is transmitted as a dominant to recessive trait a. Hereditary type of cataract b. Anterior axial embryonal cataract c. Nuclear Cataract d. Cortical Cataract

Vitreous bonds are commonly seen in patients with this eye condition. a. Hypertensive Retinopathy b. Cataract c. Pigmented Glaucoma d. Diabetic Retinopathy

Which of the following is characterized by variable degrees of atrophy and degeneration of the outer retina, RPE, Bruch membrane and choriocapillaris? a. Exudative Macular Degeneration b. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy c. Non-exudative Macular Degeneration d. Macular Edema

What blood vessel supplies blood to the macular area? a. Anterior ciliary artery b. Posterior ciliary artery c. Central retinal artery d. Cilio-retinal artery

In the vascular disorder, the fundus shoes venous congestion and tortuosity and usually dark coloration of the vein. It is sometimes called the hotdog and catsup fundus. a. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion b. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion c. Diabetic Retinopathy d. Hypertensive Retinopathy

What type of glaucoma occurs when the iris moves towards the meshwork that causes the angle to close? a. Primary type angle closure glaucoma b. Primary type open angle glaucoma c. Secondary type angle closure glaucoma

The following statements should lead to suspicious of glaucoma, except for one a. Pigment deposit in the layer of the cornea’ b. Patient is diabetic c. Has no family history of glaucoma d. Sciotz scale reading of 4.0 or less using 5.5 and 7.5gram weight respectively

Which of the following conditions occurs when the aqueous fluid drains too slowly and pressure inside the eye builds up? a. Chronic glaucoma b. Acute glaucoma c. Secondary glaucoma d. Normal Tension glaucoma

Which of the following is a syndrome of arachnodactyly, cardiac anomalies, and lens subluxations is present? a. Marfan syndrome b. Weil Machesani syndrome c. Neurofibromatosis d. Axenfeld syndrome

Which ocular examination is not suited for glaucoma? a. Palpation b. Applanation Tonometry c. Biometry d. Non-contact Tonometry

Which of the following kind of glaucoma that is primary because there is no precipitating or preexisting ocular or systemic disease can be tagged as its causative agent? a. Normal tension glaucoma b. Closed angle glaucoma c. Open angle glaucoma d. Secondary glaucoma

69-year old female manifest lenticular changes and an increased in myopia, which of the following type of cataract is most likely represent these clinical signs? a. Intumescent b. Nuclear c. Anterior Cortical d. Posterior Cortical

75 year old male tells you that his vision on his left eye has gradually worsening for the past two months. You find out that his corrected VA yielded OD 20/20 and OS 20/50. Biomicroscopy reveals a yellowish central part of the lens, this observation indicates the presence of _____________. a. Cataract b. Nuclear cataract c. Posterior Cataract d. Cortical Cataract

This condition occurs when the elevation of intraocular pressure occurs in the absence of any related ocular or systemic disease. a. Acute angle closure b. Chronic angle closure c. Primary open angle d. Secondary open angle

Secondary glaucoma occurs as a result of the following except for one a. Trauma b. There is abnormal growth of blood vessels which may block the drainage system c. There is a lack of sleep which may lead to increase IOP d. The angle of the anterior chamber may be narrowed due to lens thickening

Which of the following type of cataract does vision improve when wearing eyeglasses or changing spectacles? a. Christmas tree b. Nuclear c. Hypermature d. Morgagnian

Which of the following type of cataract is the most common type that is due to chronic use of steroids? a. Posterior subcapsular b. Nuclear c. Anterior subcortical d. Christmas tree

All of the following can be used to differentiate between orbital cellulitis and preseptal cellulities, except: a. Ptosis b. Proptosis c. Decreased ocular motility d. Decreased visual acuity

Which of the following is not observed in blow-out fracture? a. Exophthalmos b. Double vision c. Bruising, tenderness and swelling around the eye d. Limitation of the eye movement

Which of the following is not true about chemical burn treatment? a. Acids cause worse injury than alkali b. Irrigation is the treatment of choice c. Evert and double evert lids for all cases d. No patching is done

Which of the following is not considered as complications of anterior uveitis? a. Glaucoma b. Cataract c. Macular edema d. Retinal detachment

Subluxated lens is not found in which of the following condition? a. Marfan Syndrome b. Homocystinuria c. Trauma d. Heterochromic Fuchs’ syndrome

30 year-old female complains that she is annoyed by car flashlight at night. What is most likely diagnosis? a. Vortex keratopathy b. Optic neuritis c. Posterior subcapsular cataract d. Myasthenia gravis

Which of the following is false regarding ophthalmia neonatorum? a. Bilateral purulent discharge is typical of gonorrheal conjunctivitis b. Systemic antibiotics can be used c. Most common organism is Chlamydia trachomatis d. Single instillation of povidone-iodine 2.5% solution is effective against common pathogens

Which of the following is not associated with increased VEGF? a. Retinopathy of prematurity b. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy c. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion d. None of the above

Which of the following is not a risk factor of bacterial keratitis? a. Chalazion b. Contact lenses c. Trauma d. Dry Eye

One of the following does not cause leukocoria: a. Retinitis pigmentosa b. Cataract c. Retinoblastoma d. Old total retinal detachment

Which of the following is not a possible cause of blunt trauma? a. Uveitis b. Sympathetic ophthalmitis c. Glaucoma d. Cataract

All of the following are true regarding retinitis pigmentosa, except for one: a. Day light vision spared all over life b. Complaints of loss of night vision c. Autosomal dominant type is the mildest form d. Loss of peripheral vision

Which of the following is true about age-related macular degeneration? a. The dry type does not translate to the wet type b. Anti-VEGF is the drug of choice c. There is reduction in central vision d. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography can be used for diagnosis

Which of the following is the most common etiology for patients with unilateral cataract? a. Trauma b. Intrauterine infection c. Posterior pole tumors d. Posterior lenticonus

All of the following are considered as complications of anterior uveitis, except for one: a. Glaucoma b. Cataract c. macular edema d. retinal detachment

Which type of cataract is associated with myopic shift? a. Anterior subcapsular cataract b. Sclerosis nuclear c. Posterior subcapsular cataract d. Diabetic cataract

The following are appropriate interventions for acute Dacryocystitis, except for one: a. Dacryocystorhinostomy b. Warm compressors c. Topical antibiotics d. Systemic antibiotics

Which of the following is not associated with third nerve palsy? a. Miosis b. Mydriasis c. Ptosis d. Affected eye turns slightly outward and downward

All of the following are true about trichiasis, except for one: a. Signs of dry eyes b. Iris atrophy c. Corneal opacity d. Backward misdirection of eye lashes

Which of the following is not used for the treatment of keratoconus? a. LASIK b. Intracorneal rings c. Contact lenses d. Keratoplasty

Which of the following is not a sign of having keratoconus? a. Thickening of the central cornea b. Corneal thinning, especially in the inferior cornea c. Munson sign d. Prominent corneal nerves

Upper eyelid retraction is typically a sign of ___________. a. Entropion b. Ptosis c. Thyroid eye disease d. Pseudo-ptosis

Hyphaema may be caused by each of the following except for one: a. Trauma b. Vitreous haemorrhage c. Iris new vessel d. Optic neuritis

Which of the following histories is not suspicious of a penetrating eye injury? a. Hammering metal on metal, painful eye, but visual acuity is 20/20 b. Woke with a sudden painless loss of vision c. Hammering metal on metal, painful eye, but normal pupil reactions d. Glass broken overhead, sore eye, but without am entry wound found by referring doctor

A foreign body under the upper eyelid should be looked for in the following situations: a. Unilateral red eye of unknown cause b. Corneal abrasion c. History of conjunctivitis for the past 4 weeks d. All of the above

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a genetic diseases called Retinoblastoma? a. There is always a family history b. Children treated for bilateral retinoblastoma may get sarcomas later in life c. Often bilateral in germline mutation d. Generally lethal if not treated

In the eye, hypertension is typically associated with: a. Central retinal vein occlusion b. Cataracts c. Choroidal neavus d. Retinal neovascularization

Multiple sclerosis is commonly associated with: a. Conjunctivitis b. Scleritis c. Optic Neuritis d. Uveitis

Which of the following is not a sign of allergic conjunctivitis? a. Conjunctival papillae b. Inflamed conjunctival vessels c. Symblepharon d. Epiphora

The major concern about a vitreous detachment is that it will lead to: a. Retinal break and detachment b. Retinal neovascularization c. Vitreous bleeding d. Macular degeneration

In cataract surgery, the extracted lens is replaced by an implant that is usually placed where? a. Within the iris plane b. Within the lens capsule c. Within the anterior chamber of the eye d. Between the lens capsule and the vitreous

Concerning ocular chemical injuries: a. Acid splashes are more destructive than alkaline splashes b. It is more important to organize rapid transport to hospital than to commence irrigation with Pepsi if it is the only fluid available c. It is useful to neutralize acid injuries with an alkaline solution and vice versa d. Copius and urgent irrigation is the best emergency treatment

Which of the following best describes pinguecula? a. Fatty degeneration b. Hyaline degeneration c. Elastoid hyaline degeneration d. Elastoid degeneration

Which of the following may not cause pterygium? a. Exposure to ultra violet light b. Viral infection c. Pinguecula d. Living in tropical area

Stye is an acute suppurative inflammation of the ______________. a. Meibomian glands b. Accessory lacrimal glands c. Zeiss glands of the lash follicles d. Lid margin

Chalazion can cause of the following complications, except for one: a. Irregular astigmatism b. Mechanical ptosis c. Anterior uveitis d. Internal hordeolum

Epilation of maldirected lashes is indicated in: a. When the number of lashes in less than four b. When the lashes are close together c. In presence of acute corneal ulcer d. In cases of high refractive error

Lagophthalmos can be cause by the following, except for one: a. Hyperthyroidism b. Facial palsy c. Severe entropion d. Lid coloboma

Incision and curettage of chalazion should be: a. Vertical b. Horizontal c. Any shape d. Circular

Which of the following is the first line of treatment in acid burn of the eye? a. Eye patching b. Immediate wash with plain water c. Instilling local anitibiotic drops d. Neutralization of the acid with alkali

Which of the following is the first aid management of a patient who had a penetrating eye injury in the right eye? a. Washing with plain water b. Sterile eye bandage c. Application of antibiotic ointment d. Instilling atropine eye drops

patient came to the clinic with complaints of monocular doubling of vision after blunt ocular trauma, the following could cause this except for one: a. Subluxated lens b. Iridodialysis c. Traumatic hyphema d. Incipient immature cataract

Trauma to the eye cannot cause: a. Vitreous haemorrhage b. Macular edema c. Central retinal vein occlusion d. Retinal breaks

The weakest part of the eye affected by blunt trauma is: a. Canal of Schlemm b. Muscle insertion c. Equator d. Lens zonules

Solar viewing during an eclipse can cause: a. Corneal ulcer b. Orbital cellulitis c. Macular burn d. Retinal tear

Which of the following cases can a clinician observe when there is presence of snowflakes cataract? a. Gout b. Rheumatoid arthritis c. Diabetes Mellitus d. Hyperthyroidism

Bitot’s spots may be caused by: a. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis b. Vitamin A deficiency c. Vitamin B deficiency d. Trachoma

All of the following are true concerning open angle glaucoma, except for one: a. IOP above 25mmHg b. CD ration of 0.8 c. Visual fields are normal d. Parents has glaucoma

All of the following are causes of lens induced glaucoma, except for one: a. Lens-protein glaucoma b. Intumescent cataract c. Lens dislocation d. Nuclear sclerosis

Ciliary injection is characterized by the following, except for one: a. Thick, dilated, tortuous blood vessels b. Involves 4mm circumlimbal area c. Not constricted by adrenaline drops d. Accompanies severe intraocular infections

Typically, progressive keratoconus leads to the following, except for one: a. Frequent change of glasses b. Progressive irregular astigmatism c. Progressive hypermetropia d. Fleisher ring

What is the most common cause for night blindness? a. Congenital b. Vitamin A deficiency c. Nuclear cataract d. Retinitis pigmentosa

Optic nerve head in glaucomatous optic atrophy has all, except for one: a. Large deep cup b. Interrupted retinal vessels c. Waxy yellow color d. Overhanging margins

Which of the following type of laser is used for the treatment of posterior capsule opacification? a. YAG Laser b. Argon Laser c. Diode Laser d. Excimer Laser

Which of the following is not a non-specific sign of conjunctivitis? a. Subjconjunctival hemorrhage b. Papillae c. Follicles

Which of the following is not a symptom of retinal detachment? a. Floaters b. Ciliary injection c. Flashes of light d. Failing vision