Physiological (Neurological and endocrine disorders)

Question 1

Loss of __________ neurons in the __________ is believed to contribute to depression and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Answer 1

norepinephrine; locus coeruleus

Question 2

Functional neuroimaging techniques include all of the following except:
A. CT.
B. fMRI.
C. PET.
D. SPECT.

Answer 2

A. CT.

Question 3

A 41-year-old woman says she feels cold and tired all the time, has been having trouble remembering things, is constipated, has unusually dry skin, and has gained weight even though she’s eating less. The woman’s symptoms are most suggestive of which of the following endocrine disorders?
A. Grave’s disease
B. Addison’s disease
C. hypoglycemia
D. hypothyroidism

Answer 3

D. hypothyroidism

Question 4

The factor that distinguishes primary hypertension from secondary hypertension is:

Answer 4

whether or not the cause of the disorder is known.

Question 5

____________ headaches begin with an aura and involve throbbing pain that may be limited to one side of the head and that worsens with physical activity along with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and/or sound.

Answer 5

Classic migraine

Question 6

A progressive loss of dopamine-producing cells in the __________ has been linked to Parkinson’s disease

Answer 6

substantia nigra

Question 7

A stroke involving the middle cerebral artery that affects a patient’s dominant hemisphere is most likely to produce which of the following symptoms?
A. contralateral hemiparesis, mutism, apathy, confusion, and impaired judgment
B. contralateral homonymous hemianopia, unilateral cortical blindness, visual agnosia, and memory loss
C. contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral homonymous hemianopia, dysarthria, and aphasia
D. contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral homonymous hemianopia, apraxia, and sensory neglect

Answer 7

C. contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral homonymous hemianopia, dysarthria, and aphasia

Question 8

A young woman started having __________ seizures when she was a child. She does not lose consciousness during a seizure but experiences motor and sensory symptoms that include jerky movements in her arms and legs, eye blinking, and numbness, tingling, and other abnormal sensations.

Answer 8

simple partial

Question 9

Diabetes insipidus is usually caused by a low level of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by the:

Answer 9

pituitary gland.

Question 10

Following a closed head injury caused by a fall down a flight of stairs, a 54-year-old woman experiences retrograde amnesia for events that occurred during the five years prior to her fall. When her memories begin to return, she will likely remember which of the following first?
A. the family reunion she attended 4-1/2 years ago
B. the birth of her first grandchild three years ago
C. the vacation she took with her husband 1-1/2 years ago
D. the birthday party of her twin grandchildren two months ago

Answer 10

A. the family reunion she attended 4-1/2 years ago

Question 11

About _____ of patients with Parkinson’s disease experience depression, which ____________________

Answer 11

50%; has an onset prior to the development of motor symptoms for some patients

Question 12

Generalized onset seizures always

Answer 12

include a loss of consciousness.