Lifespan (Socioemotional Development – Temperament and Personality)

Question 1

Older adults are most likely to obtain the highest score on which of the following Big Five personality traits?

Answer 1

agreeableness

Question 2

Which of the following is not one of the aspects of temperament identified by Mary Rothbart?
A. effortful control
B. surgency/extraversion
C. regularity/predictability
D. negative affectivity

Answer 2

C. regularity/predictability

Question 3

The Oregon model of parent management training developed by Gerald Patterson and his colleagues (1982) was based on their research that found a link between high levels of aggressiveness in children and ______

Answer 3

coercive family interactions.

Question 4

Erik Erikson (1978) identified a positive outcome (“virtue”) for each of his eight stages of psychosocial development. Which of the following does not accurately match a stage with its positive outcome?
A. generativity vs. stagnation: care
B. autonomy vs. shame and doubt: purpose
C. industry vs. inferiority: competence
D. basic trust vs. mistrust: hope

Answer 4

B. autonomy vs. shame and doubt: purpose

Question 5

Research by Baumrind (1971) and others has found that the best outcomes for children and adolescents occur when their parents have an authoritative parenting style, which is characterized by which of the following?
A. low demandingness and low responsiveness
B. low demandingness and high responsiveness
C. high demandingness and low responsiveness
D. high demandingness and high responsiveness

Answer 5

D. high demandingness and high responsiveness

Question 6

An adolescent says, “I’m trying real hard to figure out what I want to do with my life and haven’t decided whether I want to get married and have children or what college major or career I want to pursue.” These comments are most consistent with Marcia’s (1966) __________ status.

Answer 6

moratorium

Question 7

As described by Baumrind and her colleagues, parents with a(n) ____________ parenting style have high levels of both demandingness-control and acceptance-responsiveness.

Answer 7

authoritative

Question 8

As described by Erikson, the positive outcome (“virtue”) of the ego integrity versus despair stage of psychosocial development is which of the following?
A. wisdom
B. purpose
C. care
D. will

Answer 8

A. wisdom

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the three major dimensions of temperament identified by Rothbart (2011)?
A. surgency/extraversion
B. approach/withdrawal
C. negative affectivity
D. effortful control

Answer 9

B. approach/withdrawal

Question 10

Based on their research, Kagan and his colleagues (Kagan et al., 2007) concluded that __________ is a temperament characteristic that has a biological basis and is relatively stable over time.

Answer 10

behavioral inhibition

Question 11

In terms of age, Freud’s latency stage corresponds to Erikson’s ________ stage.

Answer 11

industry versus inferiority

Question 12

The studies have not provided entirely consistent results, but they have generally found that which of the following Big Five personality traits increase with increasing age during adulthood?

Answer 12

agreeableness and conscientiousness

Question 13

Egan and Perry (2001) view gender identity as a multidimensional construct that consists of five components. Which of the following is not one of these components?
A. felt similarity with one’s gender group
B. felt pressure for gender conformity
C. knowledge of gender stability
D. knowledge of one’s own gender category

Answer 13

C. knowledge of gender stability

Question 14

The studies have confirmed a link between the academic performance of adolescents and the school involvement of their parents. However, Steinberg, Lamborn, Dornbusch, and Darling (1992) found that this link was strongest for parents who have which of the following parenting styles?
A. authoritative
B. authoritarian
C. permissive
D. uninvolved

Answer 14

A. authoritative