Lifespan (School and Family Influences) Flashcards
During the year or two following divorce, custodial mothers tend to be:
inconsistent and more authoritarian in their discipline.
The studies have found that children in high-quality daycare:
have higher rates of disobedience and other behavioral problems than children who do not attend daycare.
Of the following types of intimate partner violence, which most often takes the form of Walker’s cycle of violence? A. situational couple violence B. mutual violent control C. intimate terrorism D. violent resistance
C. intimate terrorism
At the beginning of the school year, a researcher tells a first-grade teacher that a test had been administered to all students in kindergarten and the results indicated that five of her 22 students – Bob G., Liang C., Ellen A., Isadore R., and Lucia V. – will show significant gains in academic achievement this year. Even though the five children were actually randomly selected, all showed significant gains in academic skills by the end of the school year. Which of the following best explains these results? A. the Hawthorne effect B. the Rosenthal effect C. the positive halo effect D. the confirmation bias
B. the Rosenthal effect
Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) found that teachers’ expectations for students identified as academic “spurters” (but who were actually randomly chosen) had a positive effect on the students’ IQ scores and grades. This effect is known by several names including the Rosenthal effect, the Pygmalion effect, and the self-fulfilling prophecy effect.
Some investigators interested in peer relationships have compared the outcomes for children who are either rejected or neglected by their peers. Their studies have found that
rejected children have worse outcomes than neglected children and are less likely to experience a change in status when they change peer groups.
Research by Sadker and Sadker has found that teachers:
pay more attention to boys than girls and give boys more praise and helpful feedback.
Research has found that which of the following behaviors of noncustodial fathers has the least impact on the post-divorce outcomes of children? A. payment of child support B. feelings of closeness C. authoritative parenting D. frequency of contact
D. frequency of contact
Research conducted by Carstensen, Gottman, and Levenson (1995) found that older unhappily married couples were less likely than middle-aged unhappily married couples to engage in:
negative start-up
(were less likely to respond to their partners’ expressions of neutral affect with expressions of anger, disgust, or other negative emotions during discussions of their marital problems)
Gorchoff, John, and Helson (2008) studied the marital satisfaction of women over an 18-year period and found that women reported:
an increase in marital satisfaction after their last children left home and that this was due to the improved quality of the time that they spent with their husbands.
