Physiological effects of sex hormones

Question 1

GnRH secretion may be influenced by competitive sports, malnutrition, or stress, any of which can lead to ______ in women.

Answer 1

amenorrhea

Question 2

_____________(give 2) causes increased SHBG levels.

Answer 2

Hyperestrogenism (e.g., pregnancy, OCP use) causes increased SHBG levels.

Question 3

Female individuals with ______ levels of SHBG (e.g., PCOS) have higher levels of free testosterone, which is responsible for the development of hirsutism in these patients.

Answer 3

low levels of SHBG

Question 4

Male individuals with high estrogen levels (e.g., in liver cirrhosis) are at risk of developing gynecomastia because of _________ SHBG levels and decreased free testosterone levels.

Answer 4

increased SHBG levels