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Endocrine II > Drugs For Endocrine System > Flashcards

Drugs For Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

This drug is a GnRH analogue. When________ binds the GnRH receptors in the pituitary, there is an initial release of LH and FSH; however, continued administration of leuprolide leads to the desensitization and downregulation of the GnRH receptors, thereby eventually resulting in decreased release of LH and FSH. Decreased levels of LH and FSH lead to decreased levels of estrogens and testosterone.

A

leuprolide, Other GnRH analogues include nafarelin and goserelin.

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2
Q

Bone cell that promotes bone formation

A

Osteoblast

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3
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Abnormal loss of bone with increased risk of fractures, spinal deformities, and loss of stature; remaining bone is histologically normal

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4
Q

Osteomalacia

A

A condition of abnormal mineralization of adult bone secondary to nutritional
deficiency of vitamin D or inherited defects in the formation or action of active vitamin D metabolites

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5
Q

Osteoclast

A

Bone cell that promotes bone resorption

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6
Q

A bone disorder, of unknown origin, characterized by excessive bone destruction and disorganized repair. Complications include skeletal deformity, musculoskeletal pain, kidney stones, and organ dysfunction secondary to pressure from bony overgrowth

A

Paget’s disease

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7
Q

The same as osteomalacia, but occurs in the growing skeleton

A

Rickets

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8
Q

An osteoblast-derived growth factor that stimulates osteoclast activity and osteoclast precursor differentiation

A

RANK ligand

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9
Q

Beta adrenergic antagonist

A

Propranolol

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10
Q

Other antithyroid agents

A

Potassium iodide solution
• Radioactive sodium iodide I- 131

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11
Q

Identify the sites of action of antithyroid drugs in the biochemical pathway for thyroid hormone synthesis and release.

A
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12
Q

Thyroperoxidase is important

A

Involved in three different steps in thyroid hormone synthesis
More efficient at combining DIT than MIT, thus more T4 released than T3
Very good drug target
1.
SYNTHESIS OF THYROID HORMONES
Thyroglobulin is synthesized in the thyroid epithelial cell and

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13
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthetic T4)

Mechanism of action
Adverse reactions

Drug interactions

A
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14
Q

Adverse reactions Levothyroxine (Synthetic T4)

A

Tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias

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15
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthetic T4) Drug interactions

A

Coffee, fiber, soya products, aluminum hydroxide, calcium supplements, cholestyramine, ferrous sulfate, sucralfate  Reduce absorption
Estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids alter TBG and TOTAL T3 and T4 levels [Free form is normal]

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16
Q

Levothyroxine Mechanism of action

A

Nuclear receptor Thyroid Receptor with Retinoid X Receptor
Gene transcription Growth, development, and calorigenesis •Stable composition leads to consistent and predictable blood levels •Few allergic reactions, Once-daily dosing

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17
Q

Liothyronine (Synthetic T3)

A
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18
Q

Denosumab

A

Binds to RANKL and prevents it from stimulating osteoclast differentiation and function Mimics OPG

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19
Q

Alendronate [Bisphosphonate]

A

Inhibition of osteoclast mediated bone resorption

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20
Q

Raloxifene

A

Estrogen agonist effect in bone + antagonist in breast and
endometrium

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21
Q

Cinacalcet uses

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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22
Q

Activates calcium sensing receptor

A

Cinacalcet

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23
Q

Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women drug to give

A

Raloxifene

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24
Q

Raloxifene A/E

A

Hot flashes, thromboembolism

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25
Q

Hypocalcemia A/E

A

Cinacalcet

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26
Q

Osteoporosis use drug

A

Denosumab

27
Q

Denosumab A/E

A

Osteonecrosis of the jaw, risk of infection

28
Q

Esophageal irritation, osteonecrosis of the jaw A/E

A

Alendronate [Bisphosphonate]

29
Q

Inhibition of osteoclast mediated bone resorption

A

Alendronate [Bisphosphonate]

30
Q

Give what drug for Osteoporosis, Paget’s disease

A

Alendronate [Bisphosphonate]

31
Q

What drug is use with Hyperparathyroidism

A

Cinacalcet

32
Q

Mecasermin

A

Growth failure in children with severe IGF-1 deficiency unresponsive to growth hormone administration

33
Q

Patients with acromegaly

A

Lanreotide

Octreotide

34
Q

Desmopressin

A

Diabetes insipidus, children with nocturnal enuresis, hemorrhagic conditions

35
Q

prostate and breast cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, precocious puberty name that drug

A

Leuprolide

36
Q

Acromegaly in patients who are resistant to somatostatin analogs

A

Pegvisomant

37
Q

Advanced prostate cancer name that drug

A

Ganirelix

38
Q

Mecasermin

A

Growth failure in children with severe IGF-1 deficiency unresponsive to growth hormone administration

39
Q

Diagnostic test for adrenal insufficiency name that drug

A

Cosyntropin

40
Q

The main adverse effect is hypoglycemia indicated for the treatment of growth failure in children with severe IGF-1 deficiency. recombinant form of human IGF-1

A

Mecasermin

41
Q

used to treat patients with acromegaly. it has a much longer half-life of about 80 minutes. administered subcutaneously every 8 hours, and its adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, steatorrhea (excessive fat in the feces), and gallstones.

A

octreotide- Somatostatin (growth hormone–inhibiting hormone

42
Q

These drugs are particularly useful in the treatment of persons with elevated growth hormone and prolactin secretion.

A

In patients with acromegaly, the use of cabergoline

43
Q

pegylated analog of growth hormone that acts as a growth hormone receptor antagonist in target organs and normalizes serum IGF-1 concentrations in 97% of persons with acromegaly

A

Pegvisomant
Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist

44
Q

The drug appears to have a good safety profile, but it may elevate serum levels of liver enzymes, which should be monitored

A

Pegvisomant

45
Q

A large number of gonadotropin preparations are available for the treatment of infertility and hypogonadism in men and women

A

menotropins

46
Q

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists name them. A/E

A

goserelin, histrelin, leuprolide, nafarelin, and triptorelin
Hot flashes

47
Q

Ganirelix, cetrorelix, and degarelix are synthetic peptides that act as___________ All of the agents are absolutely contraindicated during pregnancy. adverse effects of these agents are ________and _________.

A

Ganirelix, cetrorelix, and degarelix are synthetic peptides that act as competitive antagonists at GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland

hypersensitivity allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis

48
Q

Both the idiopathic and secondary forms of hyperprolactinemia can be treated with a

A

dopamine agonist such as cabergoline or bromocriptine

49
Q

_________and________ are both ergot alkaloid derivatives

A

Bromocriptine and cabergoline are both ergot alkaloid derivatives

50
Q

_____________selectively activates dopamine D2 receptors in the pituitary gland and suppresses the secretion of prolactin.

A

Cabergoline

51
Q

The drug has an elimination half-life of about 65 hours and a long duration of action. The most common adverse effects of________ are nausea, headache, and dizziness

A

cabergoline

52
Q

Synthetic oxytocin (P itocin ) usage

A

The drug is given to induce contractions during labor, to prevent postpartum uterine hemorrhage, and to stimulate milk let-down in nursing mothers.

53
Q

A deficiency of pituitary vasopressin secretion leads to diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by excessive water excretion (polyuria) and increased water intake (polydipsia). Diabetes insipidus is usually treated with________

A

desmopressin

54
Q

Desmopressin solutions are available for injection and as a nasal spray that is used to prevent____. Desmopressin overdose can result in dilutional________.

A

nocturnal urine production and enuresis in patients with diabetes insipidus. Hyponatremia

55
Q

selective antagonist at V2 receptors. It is indicated for the treatment of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia in hospitalized patients. Treatment of SIADH

A

Tolvaptan

56
Q

Which drug is used to reduce the secretion of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids in children with precocious puberty?
(A) cabergoline
(B) menotropins
(C) leuprolide
(D) gonadorelin
(E) octreotide

A

C

57
Q

Which drug for treating acromegaly acts by blocking receptors for growth hormone?
(A) pegvisomant
(B) somatropin
(C) octreotide
(D) leuprolide
(E) cabergoline

A

A

58
Q

By which mechanism does cabergoline relieve symptoms of hyperprolactinemia in persons with a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma?
(A) blocks prolactin receptors
(B) blocks receptors for prolactin-releasing hormone
(C) exerts a cytotoxic effect on pituitary adenoma cells
(D) activates receptors for prolactin-inhibiting hormone
(E) stimulates the breakdown of prolactin

A

A

59
Q

Octreotide is correctly described by which of the following statements?
(A) It is identical to naturally occurring somatostatin.
(B) It is used to treat growth hormone deficiency.
(C) It is administered orally.
(D) It is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone secretion than is somatostatin.

A

D

60
Q

Which sequence of gonadotropin preparations is used to induce ovulation?
(A) choriogonadotropin alfa then lutropin alfa
(B) follitropin alfa then lutropin alfa
(C) choriogonadotropin alfa then follitropin beta
(D) chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) then lutropin alfa
(E) follitropin alfa then follitropin beta

A

B

61
Q

Calcitonin therapeutic Uses:

A

Hypercalcemia
Paget’s disease of bone
Malignancy
Osteoporosis
Limited efficacy

62
Q

Calcitonin adverse effects:

A

Nausea
Flushing of face and hands
Nasal irritation
Injection site inflammation

63
Q

parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid gland
Inhibits osteoclastic activity
Decreases calcium reabsorption by kidney

A

CALCITONIN

Endocrine II (16 decks)

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