Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis Amboss Style

Question 1

A hypermetabolic condition caused by an inappropriately high level of circulating thyroid hormones irrespective of the source.

Answer 1

Thyrotoxicosis

Question 2

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 2

condition characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland; can cause thyrotoxicosis

Question 3

Subclinical hyperthyroidism level

Answer 3

↓ Serum TSH levels with normal serum free T4 and T3 levels

Question 4

Overt hyperthyroidism

Answer 4

↓ Serum TSH levels with ↑ serum free T4 and/or T3 levels

Question 5

Causes grave disease

Answer 5

Autoimmune due to TSH receptor autoantibodies

Question 6

Causes Toxic MNG

Answer 6

Chronic iodine deficiency

Question 7

Other findings with graves

Answer 7

Graves ophthalmopathy
Pretibial myxedema

Question 8

Antibodies with graves

Answer 8

Antibodies
↑ TRAbs, anti-TPO antibody, and anti-Tg

Question 9

Histopathological findings Graves

Answer 9

Diffuse hyperplasia and hypertrophy of follicular cells

Question 10

Patches of enlarged follicular cells distended with colloid and flattened epithelium

Answer 10

Toxic MNG

Question 11

Jod-Basedow phenomenon

Answer 11

A condition of thyrotoxicosis that develops in iodine-deficient individuals with thyroid abnormalities after administration of iodine (e.g., from contrast, amiodarone, or supplements).

Question 12

Thyrotropic adenoma →level

Answer 12

↑ TSH levels → ↑ T3/T4 levels

Question 13

Interpretation of elevated thyroid hormones subclinical hyperthyroidism

Answer 13

TSH dec
T4/T3 normal

Question 14

Antithyroid drugs in thyroid storm

Answer 14

Inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis
First line: propylthiouracil