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Endocrine II > Endo Review Slides > Flashcards

Endo Review Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Tumor with remnants of Rathke’s
pouch

A

Craniopharyngioma

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2
Q

Increase in Urine osmolality, Decrease
plasma osmolality

A

SIADH

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3
Q

Decrease in urine osmolality, increase
in plasma osmolality

A

Diabetes insipidus

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4
Q

galactorrhea, amenorrhea, bitemporal
hemianopia

A

Craniopharyngioma

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5
Q

Defect in diaphragm of the sella that
allows CSF to enter the sells and
compress the pituitary

A

Empty Sella syndrome

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6
Q

Childbirth with PPH followed by
Amenorrhea, hypoglycemia,
hyponatremia, hypotension and
bradycardia

A

Sheehan syndrome

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7
Q

Brown yellow motor oil
like fluid, Suprasellar
calcifications on MRI

A

Craniopharyngioma

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8
Q

Diffuse thyromegaly
Increased TSH , decreased T3 / T4

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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9
Q

Post viral infection, painful thyroid, mixed
inflammatory infiltrate with giant cells, reduced
radio iodine uptak

A

Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (
De Quverain)

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10
Q

Tall columnar follicular epithelium, pale scalloped
colloid, papillae without fibrovascular core,
Antibody against TSH receptor

A

Graves disease

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11
Q

Antibody against thyroid peroxidase, lymphocytic
infiltrate, germinal follicles hurthle cells

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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12
Q

Papillae, psammoma bodies, lymph node deposit

A

Papillary carcinoma

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13
Q

decreased TSH
Decreased T3 / T4, Increased rT3

A

Euthyroid sick syndrome

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14
Q

Iodine excess in patient with endemic goiter
causing hyperthyroidism

A

Jod-Basedow phenomenon

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15
Q
  1. A 45-year-old male presents to the office complaining that his wedding ring
    no longer seems to fit, and some of his hats seem to be too small. He also
    complains of headache, as well as some visual disturbances. What would be
    the initial test of choice be for this patient to screen for the likely diagnosis?
A

Insulin like growth factor-1- Acromegaly
Glucose suppression test – No GH suppression

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16
Q

Young child with features of Diabetes insipidus and cystic suprasellar mass

A

Craniopharyngioma - remnants of Rathke pouch, surface ectodermal structure

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17
Q

Which of the following panels represents subclinical hypothyroidism?

A. Low TSH, Normal T4, Normal T3
B. High TSH, Low T4, low T3
C. High TSH, Normal T4, Normal T3
D. Normal TSH, Low T4, Low T3

A

C. High TSH, Normal T4, Normal T3

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18
Q

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a predisposition to tumors most commonly in what 3 areas of the body

A

Parathyroid, pancreas and pituitary – 3P’s

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19
Q

What screening test should be done annually for diabetic patients to screen for early signs of diabetic nephropathy?

A

Urinary Albumin ( Spot urinary albumin : creatinine ratio) : >30 mg/g

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20
Q

A 46-year-old female presents to the emergency department because she feels like her heart is beating out of her chest and is complaining of persistent headache. On examination she is diaphoretic, has a pulse of 120/min and blood pressure of 160/80 mm Hg. He lab test show her plasma metanephrines to be significantly elevated. A CT of the head, abdomen and pelvis are performed and a adrenal mass
in discovered. For a likely diagnosis in this patient, where would this mass most commonly be located

A

Adrenal medulla ( derived from neural crest) - Pheochromocytoma

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21
Q

RET mutation,MEN2A, MEN2B

A

Medullary thyroid
carcinoma

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22
Q

Psammoma bodies, ground glass nucleus,
nuclear grooves, Intranuclear
pseudoinclusions

A

Papillary thyroid
carcinom

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23
Q

Pleomorphic giant cells, sarcomatoid
spindle cells, poor prognosis

A

Anaplastic thyroid
carcinoma

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24
Q

Loss-of-function mutations in PTEN,
PAX8/PPARG fusion, PI3K/AKT signaling
pathway

A

Follicular thyroid
carcinoma

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25
Q

Solid encapsulated nodule

A

Follicular adenoma

26
Q

Activation of the MAP kinase pathway,
mutations in BRAF.
Rearrangements in genes that encode the
receptor tyrosine kinases RET and NTRK1

A

Papillary thyroid
carcinoma

27
Q

P53 mutations

A

Anaplastic thyroid
carcinoma

28
Q

Medullary thyroid carcinoma,
Pheochromocytoma,
Ganglioneuroma, Marfanoid
habitus

A

MEN 2B

29
Q

Thymic & parathyroid
hypoplasia, hypocalcemia

A

Digeorge syndrome

30
Q

Medullary thyroid carcinoma,
Pheochromocytoma, parathyroid
hyperplasia

A

MEN 2A

31
Q

Parathyroid hyperplasia,
pancreatic endocrine tumor,
pituitary adenoma

A

MEN 1

32
Q

CATCH -22
Cardiac abnormalities,
Abnormal facies, Thymic
absence / abnormality, T
cell abnormality, Cleft
palate, Hypocalcemia,
Chromosome 22

A

Digeorge syndrome

33
Q

17-alpha hydroxylase
deficiency

A

low cortisol, androgens, and estrogens,
increased mineralocorticoids

34
Q

New born, Metabolic acidosis,
hyponatremia, hyperkalemia,
hypotension

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia-
21 hydroxylase deficienc

35
Q

Zell ballen pattern- nested,
neurosecretory granules, urine VMA,
urine metanephrine,

A

Pheochromocytoma
10% tumor, RET, NF1, VHL, SDH

36
Q

Canary yellow tumor with
spironolactone bodies

A

Conn Syndrome
Hypertension, hypokalemia,
metabolic alkalosis- tetany

37
Q

T Cell Infiltrate, Insulitis

A

Type I DM

38
Q

Amyloid deposit, apoptosis & pressure
atrophy of islet cells.

A

Type 2 DM

39
Q

Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia,
achlorhydria

A

Vipoma

40
Q

Increased gastric acid, multiple peptic
ulcers

A

Gastrinoma

41
Q

Increased blood glucose, mass in
epigastrium, coalescing erythematous
plaques with central areas of brown
induration. crusting and scaling of the
borders, Anemia

A

Glucagonoma

42
Q

decreased blood glucose, mass in the
pancreas

A

Insulinoma

43
Q

Increased C peptide,
differentiates injected
insulin

A

Insulinoma

44
Q

HLA DR3, DR4

A

Type I DM

45
Q

VIP- major GI relaxant
hormone

A

Vipoma

46
Q

Zollinger Ellison
syndrome

A

Gastrinoma

47
Q

A patient with history of type I diabetes presents tachycardia, weakness,
altered mental status, and fruity order of breath . A bedside finger stick test
done reveals a blood glucose of 560 mg/dl. Urine is positive for ketones. On
physical examination you note deep, rapid, and labored breathing. These
respirations are a compensatory mechanism for what acid base disorder that is
likely to be present in this patient

A

High Anion gap Metabolic acidosis
Causes-:
DKA, Lactic acidosis, Uremia, Renal failure,
Methanol, Propylene glycol, Isoniazid (INH), Salicylates.
electrolyte disturbances :
Lack of insulin shifts intracellular
potassium to extracellular fluid
Acidosis also shifts I.C K+ to E.C K+
Osmotic diuresis also causes K+ and
Na+ loss in urine

48
Q

A 37-year-old female presents to the office today complaining of persistent
fatigue, combined with nausea, generalized abdominal pain, and a brownish
discoloration of her hands, elbows, and knees. Labs are ordered and reveal
elevated serum potassium levels, and a blood glucose of 63 mg/dl. What is the
most likely diagnosis in this patient?.

A

Addison disease Would the ACTH levels in the patient be elevated or decreased
ACTH elevated

49
Q

A 36-year-old female presents to the office complaining of fatigue,
constantly feeling cold, dry skin, and weight gain. If the thyroid hormone levels
were drawn in this patient, what would be the levels of TSH and free T4 likely to
reveal?

A

Elevated TSH and decreased Free T4

50
Q

A 42-year-old male presents today to the office for routine labs. The results
show an elevated TSH level. Free T4 levels are within normal limits. The patient is
otherwise healthy and asymptomatic fully what diagnosis should be suspected in
this patient?

A

Subclinical hypothyroidism

51
Q

Physical examination is performed on a newborn female due to abnormalities
detected at birth. The newborn has dry skin, swelling around the eyes, enlargement
of the tongue, and an umbilical hernia palpated on examination. What nutritional
deficiency should be suspected in the mother of the newborn?

A

Iodine deficiency- cretinism

52
Q

A 47-year-old woman presents to the office two weeks post-op after
having a thyroidectomy performed. She complaints of muscle cramping,
muscle spasms as well as tingling sensation in her extremities. An ECG
performed shows prolongation of QT interval. What is the most likely cause of
her symptoms?

A

Hypocalcemia- hypoparathyroidism

53
Q

37-year-old female presents to the office today because she has not had
her periods in four months. She is not sexually active and denies any chance
of pregnancy. She also complains of headache a milky discharge from her
breast. What is the most likely diagnosis

A

Prolactinoma

54
Q

A patient with Cushing’s disease after administration of high dose
dexamethasone would likely have what response in their serum cortisol levels?

A

Suppression of serum cortisol

55
Q

A patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus will likely have what
response in urine output after a desmopressin(ADH)stimulation test is
performed

A

No change - continued production of large amounts of dilute urine

56
Q

Most common cause for Cushing syndrome?

A

Long term high dose use of glucocorticoids

57
Q

A patient with secondary hypothyroidism you will have an
abnormality in which part the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis

A

Pituitary gland

58
Q

A 37-year-old female presents to the office complaining that she is
having trouble losing weight despite following a strict diet and
exercising daily. On physical examination you note central obesity, thin
extremities, oily skin, and striae across her abdomen. A screening test
to check for excessive what hormone should be done in this patient

A

Cortisol

59
Q

What is the most common type of thyroid cancer. What is the most
aggressive type of thyroid cancer ?

A

Papillary thyroid cancer - most common
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma - most aggressive

60
Q

A 27-year-old female with history of bipolar disorder presents to the
office complaining of fatigue , constipation, and weight gain. Lab tests are
ordered, and it is determined that she is biochemically hypothyroid. What
medication is this patient likely taking that led to her diagnosis of
hypothyroidism?.

A

Lithium
Others: iodides, para-amino salicylic acid

61
Q

A 40 year old man presents to the office with polyuria and
polydipsia. He has a family history of diabetes and he wants to be
tested to see if he is a diabetic. He last ate 4 hours ago and his blood
glucose in the office was 156mg/dl. HbA1C comes back and reveals a
result of 6.3. A 2-hour of glucose tolerance test revealed a blood
glucose of 212mg/dl. Which of these lab tests satisfies a diagnosis of
diabetes in this patient?

A

2-hour of glucose tolerance test : 212mg/dl

Endocrine II (16 decks)

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