Drugs For Endocrine Block II

Question 1

Answer 1

DPP-4 inhibitor

Question 2

↑ Insulin sensitivity, Inhibits _______ → Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis - Inhibits glucagon → ↑ Glycolysis, ↑ Peripheral glucose uptake. B12 deficiency, weight loss, GI upset, lactic acidosis

Answer 2

Biguanides:
● Metformin: ↑ Insulin sensitivity, Inhibits mGDP → Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis - Inhibits glucagon → ↑ Glycolysis, ↑ Peripheral glucose uptake
- B12 deficiency, weight loss, GI upset, lactic acidosis

Question 3

_______________↓ Reabsorption glucose proximal convoluted tubule - Weight loss, glucosuria, UTI, vaginal candidiasis, orthostatic hypotension/dehydration
- ↓ Function with ↓ GFR

Answer 3

SGLT-2 Inhibitors:
● Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin: ↓ Reabsorption glucose proximal convoluted tubule - Weight loss, glucosuria, UTI, vaginal candidiasis, orthostatic hypotension/dehydration
- ↓ Function with ↓ GFR

Question 4

____________________↓ Glucagon release, ↓ Gastric emptying, ↑ Insulin release
- Weight loss, satiety, nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis

Answer 4

GLP-1 Agonists:
● Exenatide, Liraglutide: ↓ Glucagon release, ↓ Gastric emptying, ↑ Insulin release
- Weight loss, satiety, nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis

Question 5

Sulfonylureas:
_____________ pancreatic 𝛃-cell → ↑ _____ → Depolarization → ↑ Insulin release
- Hypoglycemia, weight gain

Answer 5

Sulfonylureas:
● 1st
● 2n
● Closes K+ channel pancreatic 𝛃-cell → ↑ K+ → Depolarization → ↑ Insulin release
- Hypoglycemia, weight gain

Question 6

_______________ ↓ DPP-4 inactivation GLP-1 → ↑ GLP-1 activity - Weight neutral, urinary infections

Answer 6

DPP-4 Inhibitors:
● Linagliptin, Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin: ↓ DPP-4 inactivation GLP-1 → ↑ GLP-1 activity - Weight neutral, urinary infections

Question 7

___________________________→ ↑ Adiponectin - ↑ Insulin sensitivity → Regulation fatty acid storage
- Weight gain, edema, HF, ↑ Risk of fx

Answer 7

Glitazones, Thiazolidinediones:
● Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone: Activate PPAR-𝛄 nuclear receptor → ↑ Adiponectin - ↑ Insulin sensitivity → Regulation fatty acid storage
- Weight gain, edema, HF, ↑ Risk of fx

Question 8

__________________Inhibit intestinal brush-border _______________
- Delayed glucose absorption → ↓ Postprandial hyperglycemia
- GI upset, not recommended if ↓ GFR

Answer 8

Glucosidase Inhibitors:
● Acarbose, Miglitol: Inhibit intestinal brush-border 𝛂-glucosidase
- Delayed glucose absorption → ↓ Postprandial hyperglycemia
- GI upset, not recommended if ↓ GFR

Question 9

Insulin:
● _________, ________, ________: Rapid, peak 1 hr
_______: Short acting, peak 2-3hr
● ____: Intermediate, peaks 4-10hrs
● __________, _________: Long acting, no peak

Answer 9

Insulin:
● Lispro, aspart, glulisine: Rapid, peak 1 hr ● Regular: Short acting, peak 2-3hr
● NPH: Intermediate, peaks 4-10hrs
● Glargine, Detemir: Long acting, no peak

Question 10

Red represents what drug

Answer 10

Lispro asparta