General endocrinology Flashcards
Diseases of the endocrine glands of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis Pituitary gland
Hypopituitarism
Prolactinoma
Acromegaly
Diabetes insipidus
SIADH
Central precocious puberty
Diseases of the endocrine glands of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis Adrenal cortex
Hypocortisolism
Cushing syndrome
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Adrenal insufficiency
Diseases of the endocrine glands of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis thyroid gland
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Diseases of the endocrine glands of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis gonads
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
ADH and oxytocin are produced in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the_________.
hypothalamus
Inhibiting hormones in hypothalamus examples
somatostatin, dopamine
Releasing hormones
Examples: thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis): develops from _____________
oral ectoderm (Rathke pouch)
Posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis): develops from
neural ectoderm
Acidophil cells secrete
prolactin and growth hormone (GH)
Basophilic cells secretes
Secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
CRH levels________ after long-term steroid treatment via negative feedback.
decrease
An_________ in TRH levels (e.g., in primary/secondary hypothyroidism) may result in the development of galactorrhea because it stimulates prolactin secretion.
increase
TSH secretion is inhibited
by dopamine, somatostatin, and glucocorticoids.
↑ GH secretion:
exercise, deep sleep, puberty, hypoglycemia, CKD, thyroid hormone, estrogen, testosterone, and short-term glucocorticoid exposure
