Physiological/Behaviotal Neroscience Flashcards
What do the basel ganglia include?
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus palludus
Substantia nigra
What is the beginning of the menstrual cycle occurring during puberty, referred to as?
Menarche
The menstrual cycle is moderated by changes in which hormone levels?
Estriadol
Progesterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
What does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do?
Controls the release of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoid and sexual hormones
Explain the stages of sleep
https://www.sleepassociation.org/about-sleep/stages-of-sleep/
What are the sleep spindles?
Sleep spindles are burst of high-frequency brain waves during stage 2 sleep
What are K complexes?
Occurring during stage 2 sleep Kama K complexes are sharp drops in EEG potential
What are reflexes to occur quickly instead of having to be routed through the brain?
Neural networks known as reflex arcs
Define:
Phylogeny
The study of evolutionary development the city of evolutionary development
What are the subdivisions of the hypothalamus
Lateral
Vebtromedial
Anterior
The hypothalamus uses______________ to regulate the balance of water in the body, a process known as _______________
Osmoreceptors
Osmoregulation
What is the function of lateral hypothalamus
It controls hunger, lesions can cause Aphasia, or refusal to eat
What is the function of the ventromedial hypothalamus
The vmh tells us when we had enough to eat. Lesions can lead to hypophagia or uncontrollable eating
What is the function of the anterior hypothalamus
It controls sexual behavior. These actions can lead to inhibited sexual urges and activity
Along with the nucleus accumbens, the___________ is a major pleasure center of the
Septalanea (or septum)
What is Kulver-Bucy syndrome
It is a syndrome resulting from bilateral lesion to the amygdala, marked by docility, hypersexuality, hyperphagia and hyperorality
What is another name for the visual cortex?
The striate cortex
When the sensations from one side of the body communicates with the same side of the cortex, they are communicating
Ipsilaterally
What are the three most abundant catecholamines in the body
Dopaminr
Epipehrine
Nonepinephrine
They are also classified as monoamines, and play a part in emotional processing
What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
This hypothesis states that schizophrenia is caused by an excessive amount of dopamine
What two mood disorders are linked to non epinephrine inbalance?
Depression and Mania
What is the synthetic form of dopamine sometimes used to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease?
L-dopa
Antidepressants like Prozac are called what?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssri’s)
What is the monoaminr theroy of depression?
This Theory believes that excessive or insufficient levels of mono means are linked with Mania and depression
What are peptides?
When two or more amino acids combine, they form peptides. Important peptides to remember are endorphins (natural painkillers) and ekephalins(?)
What behaviors are associated with epinephrine?
Epinephrine, or adrenaline, is linked to fight or flight responses
What are the functions of Serotonin?
Serotonin helps regulate mood and eating, as well as sleep and dreaming
What is an another term for sedative-hypnotic drug?
Depressants
What are some examples of sedativehypnotic drugs and what neurotransmitter do they affect
Alcohol, Benzodizepine, and Barbiturates. They enhance GABA and are used as tranquilizers or sedative
Why is Korsakoff’s symdrome?
Deming from malnutrition in chronic alcoholics Korsakoff syndrome causes intro grade amnesia
What are behavioral stimulants?
They are drugs that reduce 50 or increase motor functioning and are believed to increase receptors for the monoanimrs and serotonin
What are examples of Behavioral stimulants, and what are they used for?
Amohetaminrs
Antidepressants
Methylhenidate
What are the three main types of antidepressants?
Tricyclics
Monoamkne oxidase (MAO)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s)
How do you tricyclic antidepressants work?
They prevent the reuptake of nonepinephrine and serotonin
How do monoamine oxidase (mao) inhibitors work?
They prenvent MAO from breaking down nonepinephrine & serotonin
What is the purpose of antipsychotic drugs?
Generally they are believed to prevent dopamine from binding to post synoptic membrane reducing who loosen Nations agitation and delusions
What are some disorders that can be treated with antipsychotics?
Schizophrenia. Bipolar disorder. Delusional disorder. Psychotic depression. Tourette Syndrome. Dementia in elderly.
What anti-psychotic is used currently to treat bipolar disorder?
Lithium
What are common harcoitics (or opiates) and what do they do?
Opium, heroin, and morphine, they are natural pain killers
What is ablation?
Ablation (or extirpation) is the term for surgically induced brain lesions
What is dementia?
A loss of cognitive functioning, including disorientation and memory failure
