Methodology Flashcards
What is a z score (aka standard score)?
- Allows for comparison between different scales
- Subtract mean from each score and divide by standard deviation
- Mean has a z score of zero
Define:
Pearson correlation coefficient
- Statistical linear measure of the relationship between two sets of data
- Varies from -1 to +1
- Helps to make predictions about variables
What is the difference between a type 1 and type 2 error?
Type 1 errors, or false positives, occur if the researcher rejects a true null hypothesis. Type 2 errors, or false negatives, occurs if the researcher fails to reject a false null hypothesis.
What are the purposes of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
- Approve research being conducted at their particular institution
- Require participants give informed consent after hearing the risks and procedures
- Require debriefing afterward the results of research
- Require humane and ethical treatment of animal and human subjects
_________ was one of the first psychologists to demonstrate that one could study psychological processes using experimental psychology.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Describe the work of Oswald Kulpe
Kulpe was one of the earliest experimental psychologists who performed numerous experiments to prove his “imageless thought” to try and combat Titchner’s work and prove that there were some thoughts that did not have images to be analyzed.
Who was the first psychologist to introduce mental testing to the United States?
James McKeen Cattell
Who created the first intelligence test and what was the initial purpose?
The first intelligence test was created by Simon and Binet in 1905 for the purposes of ranking the intelligence of French children to select for mentally retarded children.
________ was a term developed by William Stern, which describes the ratio between someone’s chronological and his/her mental age
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Who authored the Standford-Binet test?
Lewis Terman
If I were to test a population of people taking care to sample a proportionate amount to the actual composition of the group, which kind of sampling would I be using?
Stratified random sampling
If I know something may be a confounding factor, and I create pairs of participants based on similar levels of this factor to eliminate its effect this is called ______?
Matched-subjects design
Mary designed an experiment in which the groups were not randomly assigned and so the control and experimental groups were not the same, what kind of group design is this?
nonequivalent group design
If I make inferences from a data set that go beyond the actual data points, this would be ________.
Inferential statistics
What are the properties of a normal distribution?
A normal distribution is represented by a normal curve. The scores are within 1 standard deviation of the mean and 96% of the scores will fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
