Clinical/Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
Catatonia can occur in a variety of disorders, such as neurodevelopment psychotic, bipolar, and depression, as well as in some other medical conditions. Name 12 possible symptoms:
Catatonia involved marked psychomotor disturbance and requires any 3 from the following:
Stupor Catalepsy Waxy flexibility Mutualism Negativism Posturing Mannerism Stereotypy Agutation not influenced by external stimuli Gramercy Echdalia Echopraxia
Who first introduced electroshock therapy as a cure for seizures?
Cerletti & Bini
These doctors introduced electroshock therapy in 1938. The spasms from treatment were often so severe that their patients were often seriously injured during the therapy.
Define:
Anhedonia
And unusual low level of positive mood. Inability to feel pleasure.
Define:
Dysohoria
And unusually high level of negative mood
Where are the disadvantages of conceptualizing alcoholism as a disease?
Disadvantages of disease model:
Reduces addictive individuals accountability Removes incentive to abstain
Places addictive individual in victim role Inconsistent with data that says controlled use may be achieved
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Define:
Personality disorder
Eye disorder characterized by the pervasive expression of extreme abnormal personality constructs that interfere with normal social functioning
Antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy are overlapping constructs. ASPD appears in the DSM-5, Psychopathic does not. Yet researchers tend to use psychopathy as a construct. Why
Important critiques of a SPD include that it has a good reliability but lacks validity. In many cases it is just a diagnosis of community not mental illness. Psychopathy is more challenging to consistently diagnose / quantify but is more predictive of recidivism.
What measure is commonly used to assess psychopathy?
Who developed this measure?
What is an important limitation of this measure?
The psychopath checklist - revised
Robert Hare
Harry developed the PCL-R for use with white men, and it lacks validity when use to assess Latino or Black men or Women.
What are nine symptoms of borderline personality disorder?
Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by altering between extremes of idealization and devaluation. Identity disturbance. Impulsive behavior and at least two areas of self-damaging. Suicidal Behavior. Chronic feelings of emptiness. Affective instability. Intense feeling behavior. Psychotic like symptoms due to stress related stimuli.
What empirically - validated treatment for borderline personality disorder reduces the risk of suicide?
Dialectical behavior therapy, DBT
DPT combined CBT and Eastern philosophy with acceptance therapy
If a patient exhibited excessive emotional reactions to normal everyday stimuli and was preoccupied with constant need for attention what personality disorder would you most likely diagnosis?
Histrionic personality disorder
Describe the active phase of schizophrenia
This is the period of time (usually 6 months or more) in which the patient exhibits a mixture of positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms
Restricted emotional range, blunted emotional Expressions, restrictive that production, lower speech fluency and inability to engage in Gold directed behaviors are all examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia
Negative
The diagnosis _________ is used to describe individuals who have features of both schizophrenia and severe mood disorder
Schizoaffective disorder
Name the two phase of schizophrenia
Prodromal phase
Active phase
What is the distinction between non-bizarre versus bizarre delusion?
A non bizarre delusion is one which is possible in the context of the individuals culture
A bizarre delusion is one in which is impossible, not understandable to the same culture appears and does not derive from ordinary life experience
Loose associations often can be hard in the speech of people experiencing schizophrenia. What are the loose associations?
Loose associations occur when an individual speaks in such a way that his or her two sentences have semantic connections but lack logical connection
What is the aberrant salience hypothesis? How would it explain delusions?
Often Doberman is misunderstood as being primarily pleasure related. Evolutionarily, dopamine is better understood as working that something that is important and needs our attention, motivating us to address survival needs. This hypothesis States excessive dopamine may lead some individuals to experience a false sense of sailings / meaning.
The periods of time in an individuals with schizophrenia in which she or he is not actively psychotic, but has already had a schizophrenic episode are usually called_______.
Residual schizophrenia
In schizophrenia; the symptom onset is usually sudden in deep but the pronosis is usually good
Reactive schizophrenia
Who coined the term schizophrenia?
Eugene Bleuler
Bleuler identify the lack of coherence between emotions and thought and breaking away from reality characteristic of psychotic illness
What is waxy flexibility?
Waxy flexibility is a catatonia symptom in which the body can be moved into new positions will stay there instead of going limp
___________ affect is characterized by very few expressions of affect
___________ affect is characterized by consistently manifesting socially unacceptable emotional expressions
Flat
Inappropriate
What is the suicide risk for individuals who have schizophrenia? What is the suicide risk for individuals who have schizophrenia disorder?
5%
What learning mechanism way explain how compulsions arise in OCD?
Negative reinforcement
Intermittently, an individual who has OCD will experience temporary spontaneous reduction of obsessive thoughts. Whatever action the individual was taking at that time, typically an action aimed to reducing that distress will be associated with temporary alleviation negative reinforcement
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
Bdd is an OCD spectrum disorder in which;
The individuals preoccupied with an imagined effect in appearance.
The preoccupation results in impairment in occupations such social functioning.
The preoccupation is not bettering better accounted for by an eating disorder.
What symptoms characterize panic disorder?
The individual experiences reoccurring, unexpected panic attacks. For at least one month following one of the panic attacks, the individual has experienced significant worry / concern about future panic attacks and or make a significant maladaptive of change in Behavior related to the panic attacks
What factitious imposed on another (munchausens syndrome by proxy)?
In this disorder, an individual seeking medical help or attention for another person in his or her care has intentionally deliberately caused or simulated symptoms of an illness. Typically it is a parent causing symptoms om his or her own child
Which psychological disorder is characterized by physical symptoms without root in physical causes?
So metaform disorder
Conversion disorder and hypochondriasis both are what type of disorder?
Somatoform disorder
What are some common examples of paraphilias?
Zoophilia, is a sexual attraction to animals. Pedophilia, is sexual attraction to children. Fetishism, is sexually aroused stemming from objects or situations.
What is lethality scale?
The lethality scale is a set of criteria used to assess the likelihood of an individual committing suicide
When someone is unable to remember things but there is no physiological basis for the memory distribution, he said to be afflicted with what kind of amnesia
Disassociative amnesia
In a dissociative fugue state, one first experiences a sudden and complete loss of identity which contributions to his son and moved far from their place of origin. What happens after the loss?
The duffer will assume a new identity becauaw he or sher does not remember his or her old identity
Who was Sybil? How does sibles case call into question the validity of diagnosis dissociative identity disorder?
The most famous did case is a patient known as possible. Many years after a book was released, it was revealed that the book was inaccurate the case not as described.
