Clinical/Abnormal Psychology

Question 1

Catatonia can occur in a variety of disorders, such as neurodevelopment psychotic, bipolar, and depression, as well as in some other medical conditions. Name 12 possible symptoms:

Answer 1

Catatonia involved marked psychomotor disturbance and requires any 3 from the following:

Stupor 
Catalepsy
Waxy flexibility 
Mutualism 
Negativism
Posturing 
Mannerism 
Stereotypy
Agutation not influenced by external stimuli
Gramercy 
Echdalia
Echopraxia

Question 2

Who first introduced electroshock therapy as a cure for seizures?

Answer 2

Cerletti & Bini

These doctors introduced electroshock therapy in 1938. The spasms from treatment were often so severe that their patients were often seriously injured during the therapy.

Question 3

Define:

Anhedonia

Answer 3

And unusual low level of positive mood. Inability to feel pleasure.

Question 4

Define:

Dysohoria

Answer 4

And unusually high level of negative mood

Question 5

Where are the disadvantages of conceptualizing alcoholism as a disease?

Answer 5

Disadvantages of disease model:

Reduces addictive individuals accountability Removes incentive to abstain
Places addictive individual in victim role Inconsistent with data that says controlled use may be achieved
Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 6

Define:

Personality disorder

Answer 6

Eye disorder characterized by the pervasive expression of extreme abnormal personality constructs that interfere with normal social functioning

Question 7

Antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy are overlapping constructs. ASPD appears in the DSM-5, Psychopathic does not. Yet researchers tend to use psychopathy as a construct. Why

Answer 7

Important critiques of a SPD include that it has a good reliability but lacks validity. In many cases it is just a diagnosis of community not mental illness. Psychopathy is more challenging to consistently diagnose / quantify but is more predictive of recidivism.

Question 8

What measure is commonly used to assess psychopathy?
Who developed this measure?
What is an important limitation of this measure?

Answer 8

The psychopath checklist - revised

Robert Hare

Harry developed the PCL-R for use with white men, and it lacks validity when use to assess Latino or Black men or Women.

Question 9

What are nine symptoms of borderline personality disorder?

Answer 9

Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by altering between extremes of idealization and devaluation. Identity disturbance. Impulsive behavior and at least two areas of self-damaging. Suicidal Behavior. Chronic feelings of emptiness. Affective instability. Intense feeling behavior. Psychotic like symptoms due to stress related stimuli.

Question 10

What empirically - validated treatment for borderline personality disorder reduces the risk of suicide?

Answer 10

Dialectical behavior therapy, DBT

DPT combined CBT and Eastern philosophy with acceptance therapy

Question 11

If a patient exhibited excessive emotional reactions to normal everyday stimuli and was preoccupied with constant need for attention what personality disorder would you most likely diagnosis?

Answer 11

Histrionic personality disorder

Question 12

Describe the active phase of schizophrenia

Answer 12

This is the period of time (usually 6 months or more) in which the patient exhibits a mixture of positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms

Question 13

Restricted emotional range, blunted emotional Expressions, restrictive that production, lower speech fluency and inability to engage in Gold directed behaviors are all examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 13

Negative

Question 14

The diagnosis _________ is used to describe individuals who have features of both schizophrenia and severe mood disorder

Answer 14

Schizoaffective disorder

Question 15

Name the two phase of schizophrenia

Answer 15

Prodromal phase

Active phase

Question 16

What is the distinction between non-bizarre versus bizarre delusion?

Answer 16

A non bizarre delusion is one which is possible in the context of the individuals culture

A bizarre delusion is one in which is impossible, not understandable to the same culture appears and does not derive from ordinary life experience

Question 17

Loose associations often can be hard in the speech of people experiencing schizophrenia. What are the loose associations?

Answer 17

Loose associations occur when an individual speaks in such a way that his or her two sentences have semantic connections but lack logical connection

Question 18

What is the aberrant salience hypothesis? How would it explain delusions?

Answer 18

Often Doberman is misunderstood as being primarily pleasure related. Evolutionarily, dopamine is better understood as working that something that is important and needs our attention, motivating us to address survival needs. This hypothesis States excessive dopamine may lead some individuals to experience a false sense of sailings / meaning.

Question 19

The periods of time in an individuals with schizophrenia in which she or he is not actively psychotic, but has already had a schizophrenic episode are usually called_______.

Answer 19

Residual schizophrenia

Question 20

In schizophrenia; the symptom onset is usually sudden in deep but the pronosis is usually good

Answer 20

Reactive schizophrenia

Question 21

Who coined the term schizophrenia?

Answer 21

Eugene Bleuler

Bleuler identify the lack of coherence between emotions and thought and breaking away from reality characteristic of psychotic illness

Question 22

What is waxy flexibility?

Answer 22

Waxy flexibility is a catatonia symptom in which the body can be moved into new positions will stay there instead of going limp

Question 23

___________ affect is characterized by very few expressions of affect

___________ affect is characterized by consistently manifesting socially unacceptable emotional expressions

Answer 23

Flat

Inappropriate

Question 24

What is the suicide risk for individuals who have schizophrenia? What is the suicide risk for individuals who have schizophrenia disorder?

Answer 24

5%

Question 25

What learning mechanism way explain how compulsions arise in OCD?

Answer 25

Negative reinforcement

Intermittently, an individual who has OCD will experience temporary spontaneous reduction of obsessive thoughts. Whatever action the individual was taking at that time, typically an action aimed to reducing that distress will be associated with temporary alleviation negative reinforcement

Question 26

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

Answer 26

Bdd is an OCD spectrum disorder in which;

The individuals preoccupied with an imagined effect in appearance.
The preoccupation results in impairment in occupations such social functioning.
The preoccupation is not bettering better accounted for by an eating disorder.

Question 27

What symptoms characterize panic disorder?

Answer 27

The individual experiences reoccurring, unexpected panic attacks. For at least one month following one of the panic attacks, the individual has experienced significant worry / concern about future panic attacks and or make a significant maladaptive of change in Behavior related to the panic attacks

Question 28

What factitious imposed on another (munchausens syndrome by proxy)?

Answer 28

In this disorder, an individual seeking medical help or attention for another person in his or her care has intentionally deliberately caused or simulated symptoms of an illness. Typically it is a parent causing symptoms om his or her own child

Question 29

Which psychological disorder is characterized by physical symptoms without root in physical causes?

Answer 29

So metaform disorder

Question 30

Conversion disorder and hypochondriasis both are what type of disorder?

Answer 30

Somatoform disorder

Question 31

What are some common examples of paraphilias?

Answer 31

Zoophilia, is a sexual attraction to animals. Pedophilia, is sexual attraction to children. Fetishism, is sexually aroused stemming from objects or situations.

Question 32

What is lethality scale?

Answer 32

The lethality scale is a set of criteria used to assess the likelihood of an individual committing suicide

Question 33

When someone is unable to remember things but there is no physiological basis for the memory distribution, he said to be afflicted with what kind of amnesia

Answer 33

Disassociative amnesia

Question 34

In a dissociative fugue state, one first experiences a sudden and complete loss of identity which contributions to his son and moved far from their place of origin. What happens after the loss?

Answer 34

The duffer will assume a new identity becauaw he or sher does not remember his or her old identity

Question 35

Who was Sybil? How does sibles case call into question the validity of diagnosis dissociative identity disorder?

Answer 35

The most famous did case is a patient known as possible. Many years after a book was released, it was revealed that the book was inaccurate the case not as described.