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PT Boards 2024 > Physio (Renal & GIT) > Flashcards

Physio (Renal & GIT) Flashcards

1
Q

Iron absorbed in

A

Duodenum

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2
Q

Vit B12 absorbed in

A

Ileum

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3
Q

Normal saliva amount

A

1000-1500 ml

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4
Q

Saliva contains

A

mucin & ptyalin/salivary amylase

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5
Q

Mucin fxn

A

makes bolus

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6
Q

ptyalin/salivary amylase fxn

A

digests starch

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7
Q

deciduous teeth,: 1st tooth to errupt and when

A

lower central incisor errupts at 6 months

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8
Q

normal amount of pancreatic juice

A

1200-1500 ml

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9
Q

pancreatic juice contains

A

pancreatic lipase, trypsin, and pancreatic amylase

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10
Q

pancreatic lipase fxn

A

digests fat

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11
Q

trypsin fxn

A

digests protein

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12
Q

inactive form of trypsinogen

A

trypsinogen

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13
Q

trypsinogen converted into trypsin via

A

enterokinase aka brush border villi

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14
Q

pancreatic amylase fxn

A

digests carbohydrates

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15
Q

duct of santorini aka

A

smaller pancreatic duct

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16
Q

CBD + LPD =

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla (sphincter of oddi)

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17
Q

Functional unit of liver

A

lobule

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18
Q

lobule contains

A

hepatocytes

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19
Q

Hepatocytes produce

A

bile

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20
Q

normal bile amount

A

800-1000 ml

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21
Q

gall bladder function

A

storage of bile

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22
Q

Stages of deglutition

A

Voluntary
pharyngeal
esophageal

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23
Q

fastest stage of deglutition

A

pharyngeal aka involuntary

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24
Q

voluntary stage of deglutition

A

passageway of bolus into oropharynx

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25
Q

oropharynx has receptors which send signals to _____ located in _____

A

deglutition center located in medulla oblangata

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26
Q

Pharyngeal stage

A

Deglutition center sends signals to move:

Soft palate and uvula SUPERIORLY
Larynx FORWARD AND UPWARD
Epiglottis BACKWARD AND DOWNWARD

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27
Q

Sphincter affected in Gerd

A

LES

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28
Q

Stomach can store how much food

A

4 liters

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29
Q

broad part of stomach

A

fundus

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30
Q

terminal part of stomach

A

pylorus

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31
Q

two tubular glands in stomach

A

oxyntic gland/gastric gland
pyloric gland

32
Q

oxyntic gland contains what cells

A

mucus neck cell
chief cell
parietal cell

33
Q

mucus neck cell produces

A

mucus

34
Q

chief celll produces

A

pepsin

35
Q

pepsin fxn

A

breakdown protein

36
Q

parietal cell produces

A

intrinsic factor & HCL

37
Q

intrinsic factor fxn

A

absorption of Vit B12

38
Q

Fxn of HCL

A

activates pepsinogen into pepsin

39
Q

pyloric gland contains what cell

A

g cell

40
Q

g cell produces

A

gastrin

41
Q

gastrin fxn

A

maturation of gastric gland

42
Q

hormones in small intestine

A

cholecystokinin & secretin

43
Q

cholecystokinin fxn

A

contraction of gall bladder

44
Q

secretin fxn

A

stimulate pancreas

45
Q

Pancreatitis pain aggravated by

A

after eating

46
Q

Pancreatitis pain relieved by

A

Sitting upright (acute)
Leaning forward (chronic)

47
Q

Kehr sign

A

pain on left shoulder d/t pancreas problem

48
Q

Explain renin angiotensin-aldosterone system

A

low bp

activation of juxtaglomerular cells which secrete RENIN

renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1

when angiotensin 1 reaches lungs, it encounters ACE which converts it into angiotensin 2 (vasoconstrictor)

Angiotensin 2 stimulates adrenal cortex which releases ALDOSTERONE (maintains electrolytes and absorbs water)

49
Q

juxtoglomerular cells release

A

renin

50
Q

renin fxn

A

converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1

51
Q

Angiotensin 2 is a potent —

A

vasoconstrictor

52
Q

Angiotensin 2 stimulates the

A

adrenal cortex

53
Q

adrenal cortex releases

A

aldosterone

54
Q

aldosterone function

A

electrolytes
H20 reabsorption

55
Q

areas of reabsorption in order

A

PCT

Thin descending LOH

thin ascending LOH

DCT

CCT

MCT

56
Q

in normal reabsorption, LF becomes diluted in the

A

thin ascending LOH

57
Q

when dehydrated LF starts becoming concentrated in the

A

DCT

58
Q

Stages of urine formation

A

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

59
Q

Normal GFR

A

125 mL/min

60
Q

Normal NFP

A

10 mmHg

61
Q

Route of blood flow through kidney in order

A

“ARS IA IA GEP”

Aorta
Renal A
Segmental A

Interlobar a
arcuate a

interlobular a
afferent arterioles

glomerular capillaries
Efferent arterioles
Peritubular capillaries

62
Q

Anterior pituitary gland aka

A

adenohypophysis

63
Q

Posterior pituitary gland hormones

A

Oxytocin
ADH

64
Q

Prolactin

A

milk production

65
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone

A

stimulates estrogen and progesterone
stimulates sperm

66
Q

lutenizing hormone

A

stimulates testosterone
triggers ovulation

67
Q

Adrenal Cortex parts + hormone

A

GFR ==> ACA

68
Q

Adrenal medulla secretes

A

norepinephrine/epinephrine

69
Q

Thyroid gland hormones

A

thyroid hormone
calcitonin

70
Q

calcitonin is from

A

parafollicular cells

71
Q

calcitonin fxn

A

decreases calcium

72
Q

thyroid hormones form the

A

follicular cells

73
Q

thyroid hormone fxn

A

development and maturation of CNS

74
Q

Pancreas cells

A

“GABIDS”

75
Q

Parathyroid gland secretes

A

parathormone

76
Q

parathormone fxn

A

increases calcium in blood

PT Boards 2024 (7 decks)

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