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PT Boards 2024 > Physio (Cell physio) > Flashcards

Physio (Cell physio) Flashcards

1
Q

ECF consists of

A

“SBC”
sodium,
bicarbonate ions and chloride ions

O2, amino acid, fatty acid

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2
Q

ICF consists of

A

“PMP”
potassium, magnesium, phosphate

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3
Q

Plasma membrane has ___ head and ___ tail

A

polar head
non-polar tail

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4
Q

polar head is

A

hydrophilic

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5
Q

non polar tail is

A

hydrophobic

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6
Q

integral protein fxn

A

passageway for ions
enzyme
linker: holds filament

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7
Q

specialization of plasma membrane

A

tight junction & gap junction

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8
Q

tight junctions are seen in

A

intestines

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9
Q

gap junctions are seen in

A

heart

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10
Q

Nucleus consists of

A

nuclear membrane aka nuclear envelope

nucleoli

chromatin

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11
Q

nucleoli

A

where ribosomes are assembles

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12
Q

Chromosome is made up of two

A

chromatins

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13
Q

Chromatin is made of

A

DNA and protein

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14
Q

Cytoplasms consists of

A

cytosol and organelles

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15
Q

Mitochondria is

A

powerhouse of cell, creates ATP

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16
Q

Ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

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17
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

TRANSPORT of protein

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18
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

PACKAGING of protein

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19
Q

Lysosomes

A

digestive enxymes

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20
Q

Peroxisomes

A

oxidase enzymes

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21
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

internal framework

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22
Q

centrioles

A

mitotic spindles

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23
Q

lysosomes are abundant in

A

wbc

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24
Q

Passive transport

A

No ATP
high to low concentration
downhill

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25
Q

Types of passive transport

A

Simple

Facilitated

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26
Q

Simple passive transport

A

no carrier protein
O2, CO2, nitrogen, alcohol

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27
Q

Facilitated passive transport

A

amino acids, glucose, fatty acid

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28
Q

Active transport

A

with energy & carrier protein
uphill - low to high concentration

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29
Q

Types of active transport

A

Primary secondary

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30
Q

Primary active transpo

A

Uses ATP

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31
Q

Types of secondary active transpo

A

Symport (Co-transport) & Antiport (Counter transport)

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32
Q

Na-K Pump

A

2 K in
3 Na out

Primary active transpo

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33
Q

Prophase

A

(+) Mitotic spindle made by centrioles on opposite sides
(-) Nuclear envelope
Chromatin coil & become chromosomes
Centromere holds chromosome

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34
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes are aligned in middle

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35
Q

Anaphase

A

(-) Centromere
Chromosomes go to opposite poles

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36
Q

Telophase

A

(-) Mitotic spindle
(+) Nuclear envelope
Chromosome uncoils and becomes chromatin

37
Q

Composition of blood

A

55% plasma
45% formed elements

38
Q

Composition of plasma

A

91.5% water
8.5% solutes (mostly proteins)

39
Q

plasma proteins

A

albumin
globulin
fibrinogen

40
Q

plasma protein function

A

maintains blood osmotic pressure

41
Q

Formed elements consists of

A

RBC, wbc, platelets

42
Q

Most abundant plasma protein

A

albumin

43
Q

RBC aka

A

erythrocyte

44
Q

RBC life span

A

120 days

45
Q

N RBC in males vs females

A

M: 5.4 million
Females: 4.8 million

46
Q

1 RBC = ? Hgb

A

280 million

47
Q

1 Hgb = ? O2

A

4 O2

48
Q

RBC membrane is made of

A

glycolipid (antigen)

49
Q

Vitamins important for RBC

A

Folic acid & Vit B12

50
Q

N amount of WBC

A

5000-10000

51
Q

Two types of WBC

A

granulated (stained)

aggranulated

52
Q

Types of granulated WBC

A

Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

53
Q

Types of aggranulated WBC

A

Monocytes & Lymphocytes

54
Q

Types of lymphocytes

A

T-cells & B-cells

55
Q

Two types of lymphocyte response

A

Cell-mediated
Antibody mediated

56
Q

Types of T-cells

A

Helper/CD4/Regulatory
Cytotoxic/CD8/Killer
Suppressor T-cell

57
Q

Cell mediated response

A

T cells kill virus

58
Q

Antibody mediated response

A

B-cells activate plasma cells

Plasma cells release antibodies aka “Immunoglobulins”

59
Q

Primary immunoglobulin

A

Ig M

60
Q

Secondary immunoglobulin

A

Ig G

61
Q

Only Ig to penetrate placenta

A

Ig G

62
Q

Ig for releasing histamine during allergic reaction

A

Ig E

63
Q

Ig for microorganisms in eyes & mouth

A

Ig A

64
Q

Ig that activates B-cells

A

Ig D

65
Q

Platelet aka

A

Thrombocytes

66
Q

Lifespan of platelet

A

5-9 days or 8-12 days

67
Q

Normal amount of platelets

A

150,000 - 400,000 microliter

68
Q

CF 1

A

Fibrinogen

69
Q

CF 2

A

prothrombin

70
Q

CF 3

A

Thromboplastin

71
Q

CF 4

A

Calcium ions

72
Q

CF 5

A

Labile F

73
Q

CF 6

A

none

74
Q

CF 7

A

Stable F

75
Q

CF 8

A

AHA

76
Q

CF 9

A

AHB

77
Q

CF 10

A

Stuart

78
Q

CF 11

A

AHC

79
Q

CF 12

A

AHD

80
Q

CF 13

A

Fibrin-stabilizing factor

81
Q

Each muscle fiber contains several hundred to several thousands

A

myofibrils

82
Q

covering of muscle

A

epimysium

83
Q

covering of fascicle

A

perimysium

84
Q

covering of muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

85
Q

Organization of muscle

A

muscle - fascicle - fiber - myofibril - myofilament

86
Q

Sucrose =

A

glucose + fructose

87
Q

Lactose =

A

glucose + galactose

88
Q

maltose =

A

glucose + glucose

PT Boards 2024 (7 decks)

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