Physio (Cell physio) Flashcards
ECF consists of
“SBC”
sodium,
bicarbonate ions and chloride ions
O2, amino acid, fatty acid
ICF consists of
“PMP”
potassium, magnesium, phosphate
Plasma membrane has ___ head and ___ tail
polar head
non-polar tail
polar head is
hydrophilic
non polar tail is
hydrophobic
integral protein fxn
passageway for ions
enzyme
linker: holds filament
specialization of plasma membrane
tight junction & gap junction
tight junctions are seen in
intestines
gap junctions are seen in
heart
Nucleus consists of
nuclear membrane aka nuclear envelope
nucleoli
chromatin
nucleoli
where ribosomes are assembles
Chromosome is made up of two
chromatins
Chromatin is made of
DNA and protein
Cytoplasms consists of
cytosol and organelles
Mitochondria is
powerhouse of cell, creates ATP
Ribosomes
protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
TRANSPORT of protein
Golgi apparatus
PACKAGING of protein
Lysosomes
digestive enxymes
Peroxisomes
oxidase enzymes
Cytoskeleton
internal framework
centrioles
mitotic spindles
lysosomes are abundant in
wbc
Passive transport
No ATP
high to low concentration
downhill
Types of passive transport
Simple
Facilitated
Simple passive transport
no carrier protein
O2, CO2, nitrogen, alcohol
Facilitated passive transport
amino acids, glucose, fatty acid
Active transport
with energy & carrier protein
uphill - low to high concentration
Types of active transport
Primary secondary
Primary active transpo
Uses ATP
Types of secondary active transpo
Symport (Co-transport) & Antiport (Counter transport)
Na-K Pump
2 K in
3 Na out
Primary active transpo
Prophase
(+) Mitotic spindle made by centrioles on opposite sides
(-) Nuclear envelope
Chromatin coil & become chromosomes
Centromere holds chromosome
Metaphase
Chromosomes are aligned in middle
Anaphase
(-) Centromere
Chromosomes go to opposite poles
Telophase
(-) Mitotic spindle
(+) Nuclear envelope
Chromosome uncoils and becomes chromatin
Composition of blood
55% plasma
45% formed elements
Composition of plasma
91.5% water
8.5% solutes (mostly proteins)
plasma proteins
albumin
globulin
fibrinogen
plasma protein function
maintains blood osmotic pressure
Formed elements consists of
RBC, wbc, platelets
Most abundant plasma protein
albumin
RBC aka
erythrocyte
RBC life span
120 days
N RBC in males vs females
M: 5.4 million
Females: 4.8 million
1 RBC = ? Hgb
280 million
1 Hgb = ? O2
4 O2
RBC membrane is made of
glycolipid (antigen)
Vitamins important for RBC
Folic acid & Vit B12
N amount of WBC
5000-10000
Two types of WBC
granulated (stained)
aggranulated
Types of granulated WBC
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Types of aggranulated WBC
Monocytes & Lymphocytes
Types of lymphocytes
T-cells & B-cells
Two types of lymphocyte response
Cell-mediated
Antibody mediated
Types of T-cells
Helper/CD4/Regulatory
Cytotoxic/CD8/Killer
Suppressor T-cell
Cell mediated response
T cells kill virus
Antibody mediated response
B-cells activate plasma cells
Plasma cells release antibodies aka “Immunoglobulins”
Primary immunoglobulin
Ig M
Secondary immunoglobulin
Ig G
Only Ig to penetrate placenta
Ig G
Ig for releasing histamine during allergic reaction
Ig E
Ig for microorganisms in eyes & mouth
Ig A
Ig that activates B-cells
Ig D
Platelet aka
Thrombocytes
Lifespan of platelet
5-9 days or 8-12 days
Normal amount of platelets
150,000 - 400,000 microliter
CF 1
Fibrinogen
CF 2
prothrombin
CF 3
Thromboplastin
CF 4
Calcium ions
CF 5
Labile F
CF 6
none
CF 7
Stable F
CF 8
AHA
CF 9
AHB
CF 10
Stuart
CF 11
AHC
CF 12
AHD
CF 13
Fibrin-stabilizing factor
Each muscle fiber contains several hundred to several thousands
myofibrils
covering of muscle
epimysium
covering of fascicle
perimysium
covering of muscle fiber
Endomysium
Organization of muscle
muscle - fascicle - fiber - myofibril - myofilament
Sucrose =
glucose + fructose
Lactose =
glucose + galactose
maltose =
glucose + glucose
