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PT Boards 2024 > Cardiopulmo > Flashcards

Cardiopulmo Flashcards

1
Q

Heart sounds: Beginning of ventricular systole

A

S1

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1
Q

MAP =

A

DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)

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2
Q

Heart sounds: Beginning of ventricular diastole

A

S2

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3
Q

Heart sounds: Rapid filling of ventricles

A

S3

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4
Q

Heart sounds: Ventricular gallop

A

S3

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5
Q

Present 3rd heart sound is indicative of

A

CHF

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6
Q

Heart sounds: Atrial systole

A

S4

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7
Q

Heart sounds: Atrial gallop

A

S4

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8
Q

Present 4th heart sound is indicative of

A

MI or hypertension

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9
Q

AV node aka

A

Junctional node

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10
Q

AV valve location

A

behind tricuspid valve

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11
Q

Tricuspid & mitral valves prevent backflow during what phase of cardiac cycle

A

Systole

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12
Q

Aortic and pulmonic valves prevent backflow of blood during what phase of cardiac cycle

A

Diastole

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13
Q

First third of diastole

A

75% of blood passively flows from atria to ventricles

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14
Q

Last third of diastole

A

25% of blood; atrial systole

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15
Q

During diastole AV valves are — & SL valves are —-

A

AV: open
SL: closed

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16
Q

During isovolumic contraction, AV valves are — & SL valves are —-

A

Both are closed

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17
Q

During period of ejection, AV valves are — & SL valves are —-

A

SL: Open
AV: Closed

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18
Q

During period of isovolumic relaxation, AV valves are — & SL valves are —-

A

closed

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19
Q

Phases of systole

A

Isovolumic contraction
Ejection
Isovolumic relaxation

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20
Q

Afterload of RV

A

8 mmHg

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21
Q

Afterload of LV

A

80 mmHg

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22
Q

During period of ejection, first third delivers —% of blood

A

70%

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23
Q

Normal EDV

A

120 mL

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24
Q

Normal ESV

A

50 mL

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25
Q

Normal SV

A

70-100 mL

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26
Q

Stroke volume =

A

EDV - ESV

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27
Q

definition of stroke volume

A

Amount of blood pumped by ventricles PER CONTRACTION

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28
Q

Normal cardiac output

A

4-6L

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29
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depo

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30
Q

PQ interval

A

Beginning of atrial contraction to beginning of ventricular contraction

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31
Q

PR interval: 1st degree heart block

A

prolonged PR interval

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32
Q

2nd degree Heart Block types

A

Mobitz type 1 - Wenkebach
Mobitz type 2 - Hay

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33
Q

PR interval - Mobitz type 1

A

progressive lengthening of PR + drop beats

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34
Q

PR interval - Mobitz type 2

A

Normal PR interval + drop beats

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35
Q

3rd degree heartblock

A

mismatch conduction between atria and ventricles

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36
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depo + Atrial repo

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37
Q

Wide bizarre odd QRS

A

PVC

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38
Q

Prolonged QRS

A

Bundle branch block

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39
Q

ST segment

A

end of ventricular contraction to beginning of ventricular relaxation

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40
Q

Prolonged ST

A

CHF

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41
Q

Elevated ST

A

MI

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42
Q

Depressed ST

A

Myocardial ISCHEMIA

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43
Q

Inverted t-wave

A

M. ischemia

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44
Q

True MI

A

ST Segment elevation
increased CK-MB
increased Troponin I

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45
Q

Aggravating factor of pericarditis

A

trunk movements

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46
Q

relieving factors

A

kneeling on all 4s
leaning forward

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47
Q

Heart supplied by what segments

A

C3 to T4

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48
Q

Red flag of CHF

A

Edema

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49
Q

NYHA Class I METS

A

6.5 METS

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50
Q

NYHA CLASS 2 METS

A

4.5 METS

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51
Q

NYHA CLASS 3 METS

A

3 METS

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52
Q

NYHA CLASS 4 METS

A

1.5 METS

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53
Q

Braddom Phase 1

A

acute
inpatient

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54
Q

Braddom phase 1 goal

A

prevent deformities and complications

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55
Q

Braddom phase 1 exit point

A

5 METS

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56
Q

Braddom phase 2

A

convalescent phase
transitional phase

57
Q

braddom phase 2 goal and activities

A

goal: promote strong scar formation
activities: walking, bicycling

58
Q

braddom phase 2 exit point

A

9 mets

59
Q

braddom phase 3

A

training
out patient

60
Q

braddom phase 3 activities

A

stretching, plyometrics, calisthenics, aerobics

61
Q

braddom phase 4

A

maintenance

62
Q

most important phase of braddom cardiac rehab

A

phase 4 - maintenance

63
Q

Sullivan phase 1 goal

A

prepare pt for discharge
ECG and vital signs monitoring

64
Q

Sullivan Level 1

A

1-1.5 mets
bed
arm support

65
Q

Sullivan Level 2

A

1.5 - 2 mets
sit, move legs, transfers

66
Q

Sullivan Level 3

A

2-2.5 mets
walk short distance, bathroom privilege

67
Q

Sullivan Level 4

A

3.5-3 mets
trunk exercises

68
Q

Sullivan Level 5

A

3-4 mets
arm exercises

69
Q

Sullivan Level 6

A

4-5 mets
progressive amb

70
Q

Sullivan phase 2

A

outpatient
exercise training program

71
Q

Sullivan Phase 3

A

Maintenance
Endurance training
risk modification

72
Q

Location of heart

A

mediastinum

73
Q

Age-predicted HRmax =

A

60-75% (HRmax)

74
Q

Type 1 alveolar cells

A

PREDOMINANT alveolar cells, main site for gas exchange

75
Q

Type 2 alveolar cells

A

septal cells, surfactant

76
Q

What fissure/s can be found in the right lung?

A

Horizontal and oblique fissure

77
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments in right lung

A

10

78
Q

How many lobes of right lung

A

3

79
Q

Fissure of left lung

A

Oblique

80
Q

Dorsal respiratory group location

A

dorsal medulla

81
Q

Dorsal respiratory group function

A

inspiration

82
Q

Ventral respiratory group location

A

ventrolateral medulla

83
Q

Ventral respiratory group function

A

expiration, inspiration

84
Q

Pneumotaxic area location

A

upper pons

85
Q

Pneumotaxic area fxn

A

turn off inspiration

86
Q

Apneustic area location

A

lower pons

87
Q

apneustic area fxn

A

turn on inspiration

88
Q

Central chemoreceptors are located in

A

medulla

89
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors are located in

A

aortic and carotid bodies

90
Q

Tracheal auscultation & description

A

over trachea, high pitch

91
Q

bronchial auscultation & description

A

over manubrium between two clavicles
high pitch

92
Q

bronchovesicular auscultation & description

A

over sternum
medium pitch

93
Q

vesicular auscultation & description

A

over peripheral lungs
low pitch

94
Q

Relaxed inspiration muscles

A

diaphragm + external intercostals

95
Q

Forced inspiration muscles

A

“SUPAS”
SCM
upper traps
pecs major + minor
scalenes
serratus ant and posterior (superior)

96
Q

forced expiration muscles

A

abs
serratus post
internal intercostals

97
Q

continuous breath sounds

A

wheeze, ronchi

98
Q

noncontinuous breath sounds

A

crackles/rales

99
Q

continuous breath sounds prominent during

A

expiration

100
Q

continuous breath sounds caused by

A

air passing through narrow airways

101
Q

noncontinuous breath sounds prominent during

A

inspiration

102
Q

noncontinuous breath sounds caused by

A

bubbling secretions

103
Q

Contralateral shifting seen in

A

compressive atelectasis (plural effusion)
Pneumothorax
Hemothorax

104
Q

Ipsilateral shifting

A

Obstructive atelectasis
Pneumonectomy
Lobectomy
Segmental resection

105
Q

Diaphragmatic breathing indication

A

chest breather
improve ventilation

106
Q

segmental breathing indication

A

atelectasis
lung surgery

107
Q

pursed lip breathing indication

A

copd
prevent airway collapse

108
Q

Normal Residual volume

A

1500 mL

109
Q

Normal ERV

A

1000 ml

110
Q

normal tv

A

500 ml

111
Q

normal irv

A

3000 ml

112
Q

normal IC

A

3500 ml

113
Q

normal FRC

A

2500 ml

114
Q

Normal VC

A

4500 ml

115
Q

COPD shows increase in what lung volumes

A

TLC
RV
FRC

116
Q

Acute bronchitis

A

inflammation of membrane lining of bronchi

117
Q

Chronic bronchitis area affected

A

inflammation of bronchi

118
Q

bronchiectasis

A

inflammation & DILATION of bronchi

119
Q

asthma

A

vasconstriction of bronchioles

120
Q

Cystic fibrosis aka

A

mucoviscidosis

121
Q

cystic fibrosis cause

A

defect long arm of chromosome 7
destruction of exocrine gland

122
Q

cystic fibrosis result

A

mucus clings to airway walls
affected: bronchioles

123
Q

emphysema

A

permanent dilation of alveolar wall

124
Q

emphysema d/t destruction of what protein

A

elastin

125
Q

normal ph

A

7.35 - 7.45

126
Q

normal pCO2

A

35-45 mmhg

127
Q

normal HCO3

A

22-26 mEq/L

128
Q

Respiratory acidosis cause

A

ALVEOLAR
HYPOVENTILATION

129
Q

Respiratory acidosis early s/sx

A

DYSPNEA, HA,
RESTLESSNESS,
ANXIETY

130
Q

Respiratory acidosis late s/sx

A

CONFUSION
COMA
SOMNOLENCE

131
Q

Respiratory alkalosis cause

A

ALVEOLAR
HYPERVENTILATION

132
Q

Respiratory alkalosis s/sx

A

STD (syncope, tetany, dizziness) WITH
TINGLING AND
NUMBNESS

133
Q

metabolic acidosis cause

A

“DARS”
DM, ALCOHOL,
RENAL FAILURE,
STARVATION

134
Q

metabolic acidosis s/sx

A

KUSSMAUL BREATHING (air hunger)*,
NAUSEA/VOMITTING, CARDIAC ARYTHMIAS,
LETHARGY/COMA

135
Q

metabolic alkalosis cause

A

EXCESSIVE
INTAKE,
BICARBONATE
IONS, DIURETICS,
STEROIDS,
VOMITING

136
Q

metabolic alkalosis s/sx

A

VAGUE SX:
MUSCLE
WEAKNESS
EARLY TETANY
MENTAL
DULLNESS

137
Q

Postural drainage: bed flat

A

Upper anterior (supine)
Lower superior (prone)
Upper right posterior lobe (1/4 turn from prone on L)

138
Q

Middle lobe postural drainage

A

1/4 turn from supine, T-pos’n

139
Q

Upper posterior lobes Postural drainage

A

1/4 turn from prone
Left = reverse T
right = flat

140
Q

Middle lobe + lingula postural drainage

A

1/4 turn from supine, T-pos’n

141
Q

Lower lobes postural drainage

A

All T-pos’n except superior

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