Physio Hormones Flashcards by Alora Marshall

Salivary glands receive input from

PNS and SNS

BOTH enhance secretions (unique)

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SNS: Celiac ganglia contribute to gut all the way up to distal colon, then at Distal,

the Sup/Inf Mesenteric ganglion take over

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Where is CCK made

I cells of duodenum and jejunum

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Where is Gastrin made

G cells of stomach

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Where is Secretin made

S cells of duodenum

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Where is GIP made

Duodenum and jejunum

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Gastrin

Release of H in stomach, Gastric mucosa growth

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CCK

Acts at various locations (Pancreas, gallbladder)

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GIP

Increase insulin secretion

Slow stomach stuff: decrease emptying and H+ secretion

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Secretin

Increase BICARB secretion

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GIP released in small intestine as result of

Presence of breakdown of food stuff

(+) Insulin release
(-) gastric H secretion and emptying

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Why can we respond so quickly to oral glucose?

Thx to GIP: Glucose dependent Insulinotropic Peptide

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GI Paracrines (2)

Somatostatin

Histamine

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Main GI Hormones (4)

Gastrin
CCK
Secretin
GIP

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Main GI Paracrines (2)

Somatostatin

Histamine

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Main GI Neurocrines (5)

Ach
NE
NO
VIP
GRP

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BER (Basal electrical rhythm) originates in

Interstitial Cells of Cajal
“pacemaker cells”
(in Myenteric plexus)

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What factor of BER is unchanged by neurocrines?

Frequency

Unchanged. Only depends on location in GI tract

Migrating Motor Complex is regulated by

Motilin

MMC function

“housekeeping”
remove un-digested food- propel it forward

every 90 min

MMC

Interdigestive

starts 2 hrs after eating

Cephalic phase

Nervous component
Hormonal component

Prep the whole GI tract for food

Cephalic phase: PNS

PNS increases secretion of saliva, gastric acid, gastrin, and pancreatic enzymes

Major components of Saliva

Mucus
A-amylase
Lingual lipase
Alkaline solution 
IgA

Saliva is _____ to plasma

Hypotonic

What is higher in saliva than plasma?

K and Bicarb

A high saliva secretion rates,

Saliva starts to look more and more like plasma (except for Bicarb)

As saliva secretion increases

Bicarb increases (prevent reflux)

Why is saliva hypotonic?

More NaCl is removed than Bicarb and K put back in removing more electrolytes than returning

PNS stimulation of saliva

ACh and VIP

What drug interferes with ACh on Muscarinic receptor

Atropine

What inhibits saliva production

Fear Dehydration Sleep

What stimulates saliva production

Conditioning Food Nausea Smell

Organization of stomach

Longitudinal Circular Oblique

Vagovagal reflex

Release of VIP, relaxation of LES and Orad stomach (allowing passage of food from Esophagus to Stomach)

What is the Alkaline tide

Bicarb being secreted into the blood as a result of the HCl being secreted into gut lumen Blood becomes more basic

What 3 substances have a Synergistic effect on H+ release into lumen?

ACh Gastrin Histamine

H+ release, 3 important contributing factors

ACh --> M3 receptor Gastrin --> CCKB receptor Histamine --> H2 receptor

How does Cimetidine work? Medicine

Blocks Histamine from binding to H2 receptor

Histamine (a paracrine)

leads to increased H+ secretion

Proton pump creating H+

Ach, Gastrin, and Histamine acting on PARIETAL CELL

What 2 substance inhibit H+ secretion from PARIETAL CELL

Somatostatin | Prostaglandins

Cimetidine | Ramitidine

H2 blocker med

PPI (H-K ATPase blocker)

Omeprazole