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Quarter 3 Finals > Clin Lab Med Condensed > Flashcards

Clin Lab Med Condensed Flashcards

1
Q

Bilateral pain/swelling
Raynaud
Malar/Discoid rash
Mouth ulcers

Anti-ds DNA
Anti-Smith

A

Lupus

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2
Q

Spares DIPS
Joint pain only (no musc)

Anti-CCP

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

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3
Q

Sicca complex
Cavities-dental
Diffuse muscle AND joint pain

Anti-Ro
Anti-La

A

Sjogren Syndrome

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4
Q

Tighten/thick skin
Difficulty swallowing
Raynaud
Telangiectasias

ACA
Anti-Scl-70

A

Systemic Sclerosis

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5
Q

Acute proximal pain
Difficulty w/ADLs
DROM
Rapid imp w/ Low dose steroids

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR)

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6
Q 
Ongoing low back pain
Plantas fasciitis
"Bamboo spine"
"Sacroilitis"
Exercise helps

HLA-b 27

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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7
Q

Fever
Prime rib and cocktails

MSU crystals
Negatively birefringent
Needle shaped

A

Gout

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8
Q

Chondrocalcinosis on Xray

CPPD crystals
Positively birefringent
Rhomboid shaped

A

Pseudogout

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9
Q

Anti CCP

A

Rhemuatoid Arthritis

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10
Q

Anti-ds DNA

Anti-Smith

A

Lupus

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11
Q

Anti Ro

Anti La

A

Sjogren syndrome

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12
Q

ACA

Anti-Scl-70

A

Systemic sclerosis

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13
Q

ACA

A

Systemic sclerosis

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14
Q

Anti-Scl-70

A

Systemic sclerosis

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15
Q

ESR/CRP

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

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16
Q

HLA-b 27

A

Ankylosing Spondylosis

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17
Q

Neg,needle

A

Gout

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18
Q

Positive,rhomboid

A

Pseudogout

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19
Q

Hyperlucency
Flattened diaphragm
Barrel chest

CXR

A

COPD

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20
Q

Tall pts in 20s

Bleb on CXR

A

Pneumothorax (PNX): lung collapse

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21
Q

Hyperlucency and absence of vascular markings

Darkness often in upper lobe

A

Pneumothorax (PNX): lung collapse

will see tiny collapsed lung in middle

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22
Q

In what condition is it helpful to get an Expiratory CXR?

A

Pneumothorax (PNX): lung collapse

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23
Q

Crackly, “rice crispy” sound with palpation
Popping bubble wrap

Acute CP that radiates

A

Pneumomediastinum (air leaks into mediast)

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24
Q

Young adult male population

A

Pneumomediastinum (air leaks into mediast)

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25
Most common cause of Pneumoperitoneum (leakage of air into peritoneal cavity)
Disruption of wall of a hollow viscus organ
26
Pleural Effusion
Abnormal fluid OUTSIDE of the lung pushing on the lung
27
CXR shows abnormal white gathering outside of the black/lucent lung Along the periphery
Effusion
28
Infiltrate
Sponge | Fluid has infiltrated INTO the lung
29
White inside the lung
Infiltrate | Usually infectious
30
CHF
Kerley B lines | Interstital edema
31
"Butterfly" or "batwing" pattern
CHF
32
Air bronchograms
Air filled bronchi (black) pass through fluid filled area (white) CHF PNA Atelectasis
33
Atelectasis
Collapse or incomplete expansion of Parenchyma/Alveoli
34
Structural shifts of trachea, heart, filum, fissures Overinflation of unaffected side of lung
Atelectasis
35
Abscess on CXR
Fluid filled
36
Mediastinal widening
``` Traumatic aortic injury Vascular anomaly Pulmonary mass Mediast lymphadenopathy Enlarged pulm artery Thymus ```
37
SOB, Cystic Fibrosis hx Wheezing Productive cough Access Muscle usage Hyperlucency Flat diaphragm Barrel chest
COPD
38
Large bullae (black circles) on CXR
Emphysema and Fibrosis
39
Acute SOB CP- pleuritic Primary cause: BLEB (Tall 20YO)
PNX
40
CT is definitive for
PNX
41
CT is gold standard for
Pneumomediastinum
42
Young adult male | CP---> radiating
Pneumomediastinum
43
Dark lines following muscle and tissue planes "rice-crispy" sound w/palpation Popping bubble wrap
SubQ emphysema
44
Subdiaphragmatic air
``` Recent surgery Trauma Ulcer CA Inflamm bowel dz Acute onset abdominal pain--> radiate to shoulders ```
45
Pneumoperitoneum
radiolucent BELOW the diaphragm across the abdomen Most comm cause: disruption of wall of hollow viscus organ
46
Infiltrate
Cough, FEVER, SOB, SOB, CP Usually INFECTIOUS
47
Are air bronchograms seen w effusion?
NO bc there is NOT fluid in the lung with effusion, and air bronchograms are only seen when air is passing through fluid filled areas
48
Atelectasis
COLLAPSE OF PARENCHYMA/alveoli
49
Diff b/w PNX and Atelectasis
PNX: collapse of Lung Atelectasis: collapse of Parenchyma/Alveoli
50
Signs of Atelectasis
One side diaphragm is elevated Crowding of pulmonary vessels Shift of trachea, heart, hilum, fissures
51
Most common cause of Atelectasis
Bronchial obstruction: Neoplasm (CA) Mucus plug FB aspiration
52
CA
``` weight loss smoking hx fatigue, cough Hemoptysis* CP ```
53
Characteristic of Malignant nodules
Large >15 mm Irregular Inhomogenous density Spiculated margins
54
Smooth, well defined, homogenous, +Calcifications
Benign nodules
55
Arterial Blood Gas detects/monitors
Oxygenation Ventilation Acid-base balance
56
What to consider with ABG
Allen test prior to check for collateral circulation Draw from Radial artery Results: 5-15 min
57
Respiratory Acidosis
Retaining too much CO2 (hypoventilation)
58
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis
``` COPD Neuromusc dz: Guillian Barre, Myasthenia gravis Chest wall dysfx Drugs: opoids, benzos CNS event, trauma ```
59
Respiratory Alkalosis
Blowing off too much CO2
60
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
``` Anxiety, fear, pain Sepsis ASA intoxication Hypoxemia Altitude ```
61
Anion Gap
Na - (Cl + bicarb)
62
Normal Anion Gap
8-12
63
Anion gap measures
Anions that can't be measured on BMP- albumin, phosphate, sulfates, etc
64
Elevated Anion Gap =
``` MUDPILES Methanol Uremia DKA Propylene glycol Iron/Isoniazid Lactate Ethylene glycol Salicylate/starved ```
65
Non Anion Gap
``` Bicarb loss d/t: Diarrhea Pancreatic drainage GI fistula Renal tubular acidosis ```
66
Metabolic Acidosis
Elevated anion gap: MUDPILES
67
MUDPILES metabolic acidosis
``` Methanol Uremia DKA Propylene glycol Iron/isoniazid Lactate Ethylene glyc Salicylate/starve ```
68
Metabolic Alkalosis, what should we check next? TOO BASIC
Urine Chloride (Cl)
69
If Urine Cl is <20 (metabolic alkalosis) RESPONSIVE
``` GI loss (vomiting, NG suction) Diuretics ```
70
If Urine Cl is >20 (metabolic alkalosis) UNRESPONSIVE
Hyper-Aldo Cushing Renin secreting tumor K depletion
71
Example of PRIMARY Metabolic Acidosis Acidic, problem is d/t LOW BICARB
Compensatory Respiratory Alkalosis (lungs blowing off CO2 to try to compensate for the acidosis)

Quarter 3 Finals (10 decks)

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