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Quarter 3 Finals > Pharm Audio Review > Flashcards

Pharm Audio Review Flashcards

1
Q

Estrogen low levels

A

negative feedback

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2
Q

Estrogen high levels

A

positive feedback

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3
Q

Testosterone and Progesterone

A

always negative feedback on HPA axis

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4
Q

Leuprolide

long acting gnrh agonist

A

Initial surge of gonadotropins, eventually inhibit

Use: DOC for endometriosis, Precocious puberty, PCOS, etc

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5
Q

SE of Long acting gnrh

A

Men: Testicular atrophy
Women: menopause like sx

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6
Q

What to use with long acting gnrh

A

Flutamide

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7
Q

Cetrorelix

long acting gnrh antagonist

A

Suppress HPA axis DIRECTLY

Use: IVF

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8
Q

FSH

A

HMG is prototype

Used with LH

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9
Q

LH

A

Hcg is prototype (human chorionictropic)

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10
Q

LH and FSH use

A

Induce spermatogeneis
LH 1st,
then FSH to increase spermatogenesisi

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11
Q

LH and FSH use

A

women
Start w FSH to stimulate development of follicles, THEN
Single LH dose to induce ovulation

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12
Q

SE of LH and FSH

A

Ovarian enlargement
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome!! emergency
Mult births
Gynecomastia in men

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13
Q

Estrogen

A

Estradiol is prototype- most imp in body

Transdermal: patch or cream

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14
Q

Estrogen use

A 
Oral contraception
Post-menopausal HRT
Girls in primary hypogonadism (stimulate puberty)
Tx dysmenorrhea 
Androgen dependent CA (silence HPA axis)
Male-->Female
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15
Q

Estrogen SE

A

Uterine hyperplasia

add progesterine to prevent this!

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16
Q

Estrogens

A

TERATOGENIC

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17
Q

Anti Estrogen

A

Breast CA drugs

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18
Q

Anti Estrogens

A

Tamoxifen
Clomiphene
Raloxifen

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19
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Agonist in uterus and bone

Increased risk of uterus CA
Prevents bone loss! good

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20
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERMS

selective estrogen reuptake ***?

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21
Q

Raloxifene

A

Agonist in Bone (good as well)
Use for: Post-menopausal osteoporosis

Antagonist in uterus and breast

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22
Q

Tamoxifen and Raloxifene are both agonist in

A

BONE

Antagonist to breast

The difference b/w the two: Tamoxifen is agonist in Uterus, Raloxifene is antagonist in uterus.

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23
Q

Aromatase Inhbiitor

A

inh synth of Estrogen specifically

DOC: estrogen dependent Breast CA in post-menopausal women

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24
Q

Mifepristone

A

Gluco and Progestine receptor ANTAGONIST

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25
Mifepristone
Pregnancy termination (in combo with Prostaglandin)
26
Mifepristone
Large amt of GI side effects | CONTRA: breastfeeding, pregnancy
27
Combo birth control
``` Drosperinone Mineralo receptor antagonist *The one drug int his class that is FDA approved to reduce PMDD sx ```
28
Plan B
high does Levonorgestrol
29
After hysterectomy
DO NOT NEED To and should not give Progesterone Use: Estrogen only
30
Replacement therapy MUST be used in pre-menopausal where
Ovaries no longer functioning or have been removed
31
Androgen use
Negative nitrogen balance | Protenemia of hydronephrosis
32
Flutamide
not used in monotherapy bc too much hepatotoxicity | USED with long acting gnRH agonist
33
Spironolactone
Use: Hirsutism, PMS, Precosious puberty
34
Finasteride
TERATOGENIC bc DHT is needed in fetal development
35
Prostaglandin--> Dinoprostine Strong ON switch, stimulate contractions (3rd line after Oxytocin and Ergot)
STRONG AND DANGEROUS GI side effects (black box) must be give w hospital personel around
36
Mgsulfate
Only given IV | first line to prevent premie
37
Nifedipine
CCB- L type slow channel Prevent premie Can be given AT HOME, orally, long term chronic
38
Treat hypothyroid
LevothyroXine Na Levethyronine Na Dessicated thyroid
39
LevothyroXine Na
Will lead to normal levels Dependent on Peripheral deiodonase enzyme long half life, takes while to reach steady state
40
Levothyranine Na
T3 drug quicker half life: 1 day, only 5 days to reach steady state initial use or supplement in those who cant convert to T3
41
Methimazole and PTU
long term | can't treat acute (this is why we use b-blockers in dangerous hyperthyroid situations)
42
PTU black box
Liver
43
PTU and Methimazole SE
Granulocytosis
44
Iodide
Inhibit SYNTH and RELEASE Use: b4 surgery, nuclear emergency
45
131-I
Elderly w heart dz | DOC: Toxic nodular goiter
46
Calcitonin
can cause fish hyper sensitivity
47
Calcitonin
inhibit bone resorption | Antagonize PTH
48
Calcitonin can be administered
intranasal and Injection
49
PTH drugs | "paratide" and rhPTH
BLACK BOX: osteosarcoma (rats)
50
Paratide | PTH drugs
Intermittent administration NECESSARY!! to have osteoporosis function
51
Paratide | PTH drugs unique characteristic
NEW BONE GROWTH
52
Denosumab
RANK-L SubQ inj every 6 months SE: HYPOCALCEMIA and Teratogenic
53
Bisphonphonates | "dronate"
A: O R: O I: O,IV Z: IV
54
Bisphonates oral administration
absorption is very poor | empty stomach, 1/2 glass water, remain upright for 30 min
55
Fludrocortisone
Aldosterone replacement (mineralocorticoid) Addison's dz
56
Equal part gluco(cortisol) and mineralo(aldo)
Hydrocortisone start w this and try to get both levels normal. IF they need more of an Aldosterone boost, then can add Fludrocortisone
57
Prednisone
Most comm prescribed drug, GOOD FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY properties
58
Cortisone (inactive) must be converted to
Hydrocortisone (active)
59
Prednisone (inactive) must be converted to
Prednisolone (active)
60
Highest anti-inflammatory are the ones that
ONLY have glucocorticoid effects
61
DOC for Cushings dz (too much Cortisol)
Ketoconazole
62
Spironolactone
Tx for cushings (not 1st line) but can provide quicker relief
63
Reduce HF hospitalization | diabetic drugs
SLG2 "flozin"
64
CKD diabetic drugs
SLG2 "flozin"
65
Metformin
Top 5 diarrhea drug
66
Metformin SE
Lactic acidosis CONTRA: GFR <30
67
Liraglutide
Comes to top for macrovascular event reduction
68
Weight loss
GLP RA | SLG2 "flozin"
69
Semaglutide unique bc:
1st and ONLY oral form of GLP-RA which is GAME CHANGER
70
GLP-RA black box
Thyroid CA!!!!!
71
Diff b/w GLP-RA and DPP-4 Inhibitor
GLP-RA (mostly injections, besides Semaglutide) DPP4-I (mostly Oral)
72
Linagliptin unique (DPP4-I)
Kidney safe | Liver helps w excretion
73
SLG2 "flozins" are great bc they help w CKD, HF hospitalizations, and promote weight loss but
CANT use if person is on Dialysis
74
TZA | "tazone"
PPAR-y | insulin sensitivity
75
a-glucoside inhibitors
decrease post meal never cause hypoglycemia *GI effects- flatulence
76
SU
increase Ca flux of beta cells- increase Insulin release 1st generation not used much anymore 2nd gen known for GI SE and Hypoglycemia RISK!! least preferred
77
Glyburide
Highest risk for hypoglycemia
78
Pramlintide *1 and 2 bottom of barrel drug, not used often
MUST be given with Insulin ONLY one that is FDA approved for Type 1 and Type 2
79
ABCs of diabetes treatment
A1C Blood pressure Cholesterol

Quarter 3 Finals (10 decks)

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