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Quarter 3 Finals > Micro simple review > Flashcards

Micro simple review Flashcards

1
Q

Nematode (roundworm)

A

Long cylindrical body
Tapers both ends
Both sexes
Multi layered cuticle

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2
Q

Entero Vernicularis

A

Pinworm

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3
Q

E. Vernicularis (pinworm)

A

most common worm dz in US

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4
Q

E. Vernicularis (pinworm)

A

Small, white

Life cycle direct and short, short time to become infectious

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5
Q

E. Vernicularis (pinworm)

A

Children most common

Butthole, night, gravid female

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6
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

Roundworm

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7
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworm)

A

Largest intestinal nematode of humans

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8
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworm)

A

Mother releases 200K (TONS) of eggs per day

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9
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides

roundworm

A

ingestion of contaminated soil

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10
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworm)

A

Lung, trachea, (swallow), duodenum

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11
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworm)

A

“Loeffler’s synd” pulmonary

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12
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworm)

A

Worm burden

blockage

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13
Q

Trichuris Trich (whipworm)

A

Small egg capsules
PAINFUL POOP
Rectal prolapse

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14
Q

Ingestion of contaminated soil

A 
A. Lumbricoides (roundworm), and
Trichuris Trichura (whipworm)
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15
Q

Complication of Trichuris Trich (whipworm)

A

Children: Growth retardation and Anemia

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16
Q

Hookworm

A

Feed on blood and mucosa

Sx: blood filled itchy lesions “ground itch”

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17
Q

“ground itch”

A

Hookworm

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18
Q

Worms that can PENETRATE SKIN

A

Hookworm and Threadworm (strongy)

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19
Q

Worms that travel lungs, trachea (swallow) –> duodenum

A

Roundworm (A.lumbric)
Hookworm
Threadworm (strongy)

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20
Q

Hookworm

A

Nectator americanus

Ancylostoma duodenale

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21
Q

Blood filled itchy lesions
“Ground itch”
Anemia

A

Hookworm

Necator americanus, Ancylostomat duod

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22
Q

Strongy sterc (Threadworm)

A

Tropical
Can penetrate skin
Lungs-trachea-duod
Clinical sx depend on Larval migration

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23
Q

Strongy sterc (threadworm)

A

Dx: Duodenal aspirate and Sputum of rly infected person

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24
Q

Complication with Strongy sterc (threadworm)

A

Larval migration
Auto-infection, re-infection allows #s to build up
Chronic- life threatening in HIV

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25
Q

Trematude (fluke)

A

Flattened, leaf like

Treee-matude (“tree” and “leaf”

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26
Q

Trematude (fluke)

A

Flattened, leaf like
Suckers
Hemaphrodite

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27
Q

Tapeworm 2 subtypes

A 
Taenia solium (pork)
Taenia saginata (beef)

If you are SAGGY, you have eaten too much BEEF

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28
Q

Taenia Solium and
Taenia Saginata

(tapeworms)

A

Scolex

Eggs released in proglottids- immediately infectious!

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29
Q

Taenia Solium and

Taenia Saginata

A

Humans only host

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30
Q

Taenia Solium and

Taenia Saginata lifecycle

A

Cysticerci (larvae) develop in muscle

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31
Q

Taenia Solium and Saginata

A

Uncooked meat ingested

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32
Q

Cysticercosis

A

A complication of Taenia Solium and Saginata

Can develop if infective eggs are ingested

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33
Q

Taenia Solium and Saginata

A

Usually ax and invove only 1 worm

BUT, Cysticersosis can develop if serious–> Blindness, Seizure

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34
Q

Diphyll latum

A

Fish tapeworm

Eggs released SINGLY

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35
Q

Diphyll latum (fish tapeworm)

A

require many hosts

ALASKA and Great lakes

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36
Q

Diphyll latum (fish tapeworm)

A

Mostly A-sx
B12

Anemia if sx

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37
Q

Viral gastroenteritis

A

Acute, watery diarrhea

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38
Q

Viral gastro replicates in

A

Small intestine epith cells

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39
Q

Norovirus

A

90% of Viral GI
Daycare, hospital, cruise
Top cause of GI in US
Food prep

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40
Q

Norovirus persists in environment bc

A

Naked virus is persistent

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41
Q

Norovirus

A

CALCIVIRIDAE family

Sapovirus is also a mamber

Naked, capside w single protein

42
Q

Dx Norovirus and Rotovirus

A

RT-qPCR

detect the RNA of virus

43
Q

Rotovirus

A

infant

5-7 d of FEVER, vomiting

44
Q

Rotovirus

A

Winter/spring
Fever
babies
Vaccinate

45
Q

The cell envelope of Enterobacteria

A 
Inner/outermembrane
FLAGELLA- H 
CAPSULE- K
LPS- O antigen
Peptidoglcyan
46
Q

Enterobacteria

A

Flagella H
Capsule K
LPS O antigen

47
Q

Enterobacteria subtypes

A

Salmonella (lac -)
Shigella (lac -)
E. Coli (lac +)

48
Q

Enterobacteria (Salmonella, Shigella, E.Coli)

Virulence factors

A

Lipid A of LPS–> toxic shock

Capsule –> protect from phago

Top 3 secretion syst

49
Q

Salmonella subtypes

A

S. Bongori (bird, reptiles, dogs)

S. Enterica * (many many hosts)

50
Q

Salmonella transmission

A

Primary: chicken, veggies, honey smacks
Secondary: pet reptiles/birds, backyard chickens, direct person to person

51
Q

Serotyping Salmonella

A

Flagellar H

LPS O antigen

52
Q

Non-typhoidal Salmonella Entericus

A

Foodborne gastroenteritis

self-limiting

53
Q

Salmonella invades epith cells

A

ACTIN cytoskeleton changes

Gain access to systemic

54
Q

ETEC

A

Travelers, young kids
Contaminated food/water
Watery diarrhea, cramps

3-5d, then clears

55
Q

ETEC

A

Travelers, young kids

LT1 (heat labile), increase CAMP, secret Cl ions and water follows

STb (heat stable), increase cGMP, secrete fluid from cells

56
Q

EHEH

Shiga toxin “like” producing

A

foodborne
O157: H7

Virulence: Stx, Intimin, TiR

57
Q

EIEC (basically same as Shigella)

A

Bloody diarrhea

No flagella, no adherence factors

58
Q

Shigella and EIEC

A

Bloody diarrhea

59
Q

Shigella

A

M cells, dendritic cell engulfment
Spread cell–> cell
Extensive damage of mucosal layer

60
Q

S. Dystenteriae (shigella)

A

MOST SEVERE DZ

Shiga toxin 1 and 2 virulence factors

(ShET1 and ShET2 are less severe)

61
Q

Stx

A

can colonize asymptomatically

62
Q

Shigella and Ecoli

A

LOW infectious dose (10 cells)

“SHit, that’s not very many E.Coli cells”

63
Q

Enterobacteria (shigella, salmonella, Ecoli)

A

MacConkey Agar

64
Q

Salmonella produces

65
Q

D+HUS- Diarrheal Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

A

Shigella and E.Coli

the same two w LOW infectious dose

66
Q

Cholera

LARGE NUMBERS

A

A-B toxin
cAMP: cells secrete Cl ions, other ions and water follows

Toxin doesnt affect large intestine, but ALL THE FLUID causes diarrhea

67
Q

Cholera

A

Profuse watery diarrhea (rice water stool)

Bacterial load is enormous

68
Q

Cholera concern

A

Dehydration

69
Q

C. Diff

A

Life threatening form: Colitis, Pseudomembranous colitis

70
Q

C. Diff +

A

Toxin A and B important, disrupt host cell ACTIN and cause Pseudomembranes to form

71
Q

C. Diff

A

Opportunistic

ENDOSPORES cause dz to come back often

72
Q

Endospores of C.Diff are only killed by

73
Q

Campylobacter

C. Jejuni

A

Requires special gas concentration

*Most common cause of BACTERIAL gastroenteritis in US

74
Q

Campylobacter/C Jejuni

A

self limiting in normal, problem in HIV

Contaminated chicken
Low infectious dose

Diarrhea, fever, severe abdominal pain

75
Q

Campylobacter/C. Jejuni complication

A

Guillian Barre synd

cross reactive antibodies

76
Q

Campylobacter/C jejuni dx

A

S shaped in stool sample

77
Q

H. Pylori

A

Urease (allows to live in stomach)
Ulcers
VacA–> gastric CA
CagA

78
Q

C. Perfringens

A 
Gas gangrene
Foodborne intoxication
Self limiting
POT LUCK 
allowing food to cool allows Spore germination
79
Q

Bacillus

Subtypes:
B. subtilis
B. cereus
B. anthracis

A

Spore forming

Ubiquitious: soil, water, human gut

80
Q

Bacillus Cereus

A

Opportunistic pathogen

EMETIC vs DIARRHEAL form

81
Q

Bacillus Cereus

A

Emetic: heat stable (rice), no fever, short duration <25 hrs

Diarrheal: heat labile (meat, veggies), 2-3 d

82
Q

Staphylococcus

A

FOOD POISON
rapid onset, w/in 4 hrs ingestion

Severe n/v/d, abd pain
NO FEVER

83
Q

Giardia

A

Does not invade tissue, just feeds on mucus
MOST COMMON intestinal parasite in the world

B12
Dehydration

84
Q

Giardia

A

teardrop shape

85
Q

G. lamblia

A

Dogs, cats, bevers, primates

Can be A-sx or acute/chronic diarrhea

86
Q

Giardia

A

very simple lifecycle

Trophozoite: teardrop, feeds on mucus
Cyst: INFECTIOUS, oval, passed into environment

87
Q

Giardia tranmission

A

Ingest cysts, contaminated drinking water

88
Q

Giardia

A

Can be COMMUNICABLE, STD

89
Q

Amoebiasis

E. Histolytica

A

Colitis, Liver abscess, ULCERS
Dissemination
Extra-intestinal manifestation*

90
Q

Amoebiasis

A

E. Histolytica

91
Q

Amoebiasis (E. Histolytica)

A

Ulcers in RUQ

DEATH d/t Peritonitis, Cardiac failure, Exhuastion

92
Q

Ulcers RUQ
Bloody diarrhea
Extra-intestinal manifestation

A

Amoebiasis

E. Histolytica

93
Q

Virulence factors of Amoebiasis (E. Histolytica)

“CLAP”

A

Cysteine protease- degrades
Lectin- adhesion
Amoebapore-lysis
Phospholipase-cell membrane

94
Q

Cryptosporidiosis

A

Children
Usually self limiting
VACUUM
Thin and THIQQ

95
Q

Cryptosporidiosis

Thin vs Thick

A

Thin: re-infection
ThiQQ: sexual, oocyts, shed into environment

96
Q

Cryposporiodiss (diarrhea) clinical sx

A 
Pt is EXTREMELY wasted
weight loss
fever, abd pain
watery diarrhea
pancreatitis
97
Q

Cyclosporiasis

A

Latin america
Explosive diarrhea
LARGE oocyst
contaminated fruits and veggies

98
Q

Cyclosporiasis

A

must Sporulate in environment (likes to cycle outside)

EPXLOSIVE, non bloody diarrhea

99
Q

Cyclosporiasis diarrhea

A

AF
Acid fast
Auto fluorescent

100
Q

Cysts that are resistant to Chlorine (diarrhea)

A

Ameobiasis (E. Histolytica) and

Cryptosporiadias

101
Q

Cryptospor

crypt, gang, vacuums

A

Thin and THIQQ

Quarter 3 Finals (10 decks)

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