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Quarter 3 Finals > Micro simple review > Flashcards

Micro simple review Flashcards

1
Q

Nematode (roundworm)

A

Long cylindrical body
Tapers both ends
Both sexes
Multi layered cuticle

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2
Q

Entero Vernicularis

A

Pinworm

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3
Q

E. Vernicularis (pinworm)

A

most common worm dz in US

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4
Q

E. Vernicularis (pinworm)

A

Small, white

Life cycle direct and short, short time to become infectious

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5
Q

E. Vernicularis (pinworm)

A

Children most common

Butthole, night, gravid female

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6
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

Roundworm

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7
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworm)

A

Largest intestinal nematode of humans

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8
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworm)

A

Mother releases 200K (TONS) of eggs per day

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9
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides

roundworm

A

ingestion of contaminated soil

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10
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworm)

A

Lung, trachea, (swallow), duodenum

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11
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworm)

A

“Loeffler’s synd” pulmonary

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12
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides (roundworm)

A

Worm burden

blockage

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13
Q

Trichuris Trich (whipworm)

A

Small egg capsules
PAINFUL POOP
Rectal prolapse

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14
Q

Ingestion of contaminated soil

A 
A. Lumbricoides (roundworm), and
Trichuris Trichura (whipworm)
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15
Q

Complication of Trichuris Trich (whipworm)

A

Children: Growth retardation and Anemia

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16
Q

Hookworm

A

Feed on blood and mucosa

Sx: blood filled itchy lesions “ground itch”

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17
Q

“ground itch”

A

Hookworm

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18
Q

Worms that can PENETRATE SKIN

A

Hookworm and Threadworm (strongy)

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19
Q

Worms that travel lungs, trachea (swallow) –> duodenum

A

Roundworm (A.lumbric)
Hookworm
Threadworm (strongy)

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20
Q

Hookworm

A

Nectator americanus

Ancylostoma duodenale

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21
Q

Blood filled itchy lesions
“Ground itch”
Anemia

A

Hookworm

Necator americanus, Ancylostomat duod

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22
Q

Strongy sterc (Threadworm)

A

Tropical
Can penetrate skin
Lungs-trachea-duod
Clinical sx depend on Larval migration

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23
Q

Strongy sterc (threadworm)

A

Dx: Duodenal aspirate and Sputum of rly infected person

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24
Q

Complication with Strongy sterc (threadworm)

A

Larval migration
Auto-infection, re-infection allows #s to build up
Chronic- life threatening in HIV

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25
Trematude (fluke)
Flattened, leaf like Treee-matude ("tree" and "leaf"
26
Trematude (fluke)
Flattened, leaf like Suckers Hemaphrodite
27
Tapeworm 2 subtypes
``` Taenia solium (pork) Taenia saginata (beef) ``` If you are SAGGY, you have eaten too much BEEF
28
Taenia Solium and Taenia Saginata (tapeworms)
Scolex | Eggs released in proglottids- immediately infectious!
29
Taenia Solium and | Taenia Saginata
Humans only host
30
Taenia Solium and | Taenia Saginata lifecycle
Cysticerci (larvae) develop in muscle
31
Taenia Solium and Saginata
Uncooked meat ingested
32
Cysticercosis
A complication of Taenia Solium and Saginata Can develop if infective eggs are ingested
33
Taenia Solium and Saginata
Usually ax and invove only 1 worm BUT, Cysticersosis can develop if serious--> Blindness, Seizure
34
Diphyll latum
Fish tapeworm | Eggs released SINGLY
35
Diphyll latum (fish tapeworm)
require many hosts | ALASKA and Great lakes
36
Diphyll latum (fish tapeworm)
Mostly A-sx B12 Anemia if sx
37
Viral gastroenteritis
Acute, watery diarrhea
38
Viral gastro replicates in
Small intestine epith cells
39
Norovirus
90% of Viral GI Daycare, hospital, cruise Top cause of GI in US Food prep
40
Norovirus persists in environment bc
Naked virus is persistent
41
Norovirus
CALCIVIRIDAE family Sapovirus is also a mamber Naked, capside w single protein
42
Dx Norovirus and Rotovirus
RT-qPCR detect the RNA of virus
43
Rotovirus
infant | 5-7 d of FEVER, vomiting
44
Rotovirus
Winter/spring Fever babies Vaccinate
45
The cell envelope of Enterobacteria
``` Inner/outermembrane FLAGELLA- H CAPSULE- K LPS- O antigen Peptidoglcyan ```
46
Enterobacteria
Flagella H Capsule K LPS O antigen
47
Enterobacteria subtypes
Salmonella (lac -) Shigella (lac -) E. Coli (lac +)
48
Enterobacteria (Salmonella, Shigella, E.Coli) Virulence factors
Lipid A of LPS--> toxic shock Capsule --> protect from phago Top 3 secretion syst
49
Salmonella subtypes
S. Bongori (bird, reptiles, dogs) | S. Enterica * (many many hosts)
50
Salmonella transmission
Primary: chicken, veggies, honey smacks Secondary: pet reptiles/birds, backyard chickens, direct person to person
51
Serotyping Salmonella
Flagellar H | LPS O antigen
52
Non-typhoidal Salmonella Entericus
Foodborne gastroenteritis self-limiting
53
Salmonella invades epith cells
ACTIN cytoskeleton changes | Gain access to systemic
54
ETEC
Travelers, young kids Contaminated food/water Watery diarrhea, cramps 3-5d, then clears
55
ETEC
Travelers, young kids LT1 (heat labile), increase CAMP, secret Cl ions and water follows STb (heat stable), increase cGMP, secrete fluid from cells
56
EHEH Shiga toxin "like" producing
foodborne O157: H7 Virulence: Stx, Intimin, TiR
57
EIEC (basically same as Shigella)
Bloody diarrhea No flagella, no adherence factors
58
Shigella and EIEC
Bloody diarrhea
59
Shigella
M cells, dendritic cell engulfment Spread cell--> cell Extensive damage of mucosal layer
60
S. Dystenteriae (shigella)
MOST SEVERE DZ Shiga toxin 1 and 2 virulence factors (ShET1 and ShET2 are less severe)
61
Stx
can colonize asymptomatically
62
Shigella and Ecoli
LOW infectious dose (10 cells) "SHit, that's not very many E.Coli cells"
63
Enterobacteria (shigella, salmonella, Ecoli)
MacConkey Agar
64
Salmonella produces
H2S
65
D+HUS- Diarrheal Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Shigella and E.Coli | the same two w LOW infectious dose
66
Cholera LARGE NUMBERS
A-B toxin cAMP: cells secrete Cl ions, other ions and water follows Toxin doesnt affect large intestine, but ALL THE FLUID causes diarrhea
67
Cholera
Profuse watery diarrhea (rice water stool) Bacterial load is enormous
68
Cholera concern
Dehydration
69
C. Diff
Life threatening form: Colitis, Pseudomembranous colitis
70
C. Diff +
Toxin A and B important, disrupt host cell ACTIN and cause Pseudomembranes to form
71
C. Diff
Opportunistic ENDOSPORES cause dz to come back often
72
Endospores of C.Diff are only killed by
autoclave
73
Campylobacter | C. Jejuni
Requires special gas concentration | *Most common cause of BACTERIAL gastroenteritis in US
74
Campylobacter/C Jejuni
self limiting in normal, problem in HIV Contaminated chicken Low infectious dose Diarrhea, fever, severe abdominal pain
75
Campylobacter/C. Jejuni complication
Guillian Barre synd | cross reactive antibodies
76
Campylobacter/C jejuni dx
S shaped in stool sample
77
H. Pylori
Urease (allows to live in stomach) Ulcers VacA--> gastric CA CagA
78
C. Perfringens
``` Gas gangrene Foodborne intoxication Self limiting POT LUCK allowing food to cool allows Spore germination ```
79
Bacillus Subtypes: B. subtilis B. cereus B. anthracis
Spore forming | Ubiquitious: soil, water, human gut
80
Bacillus Cereus
Opportunistic pathogen | EMETIC vs DIARRHEAL form
81
Bacillus Cereus
Emetic: heat stable (rice), no fever, short duration <25 hrs Diarrheal: heat labile (meat, veggies), 2-3 d
82
Staphylococcus
FOOD POISON rapid onset, w/in 4 hrs ingestion Severe n/v/d, abd pain NO FEVER
83
Giardia
Does not invade tissue, just feeds on mucus MOST COMMON intestinal parasite in the world B12 Dehydration
84
Giardia
teardrop shape
85
G. lamblia
Dogs, cats, bevers, primates Can be A-sx or acute/chronic diarrhea
86
Giardia
very simple lifecycle Trophozoite: teardrop, feeds on mucus Cyst: INFECTIOUS, oval, passed into environment
87
Giardia tranmission
Ingest cysts, contaminated drinking water
88
Giardia
Can be COMMUNICABLE, STD
89
Amoebiasis | E. Histolytica
Colitis, Liver abscess, ULCERS Dissemination Extra-intestinal manifestation*
90
Amoebiasis
E. Histolytica
91
Amoebiasis (E. Histolytica)
Ulcers in RUQ | DEATH d/t Peritonitis, Cardiac failure, Exhuastion
92
Ulcers RUQ Bloody diarrhea Extra-intestinal manifestation
Amoebiasis | E. Histolytica
93
Virulence factors of Amoebiasis (E. Histolytica) "CLAP"
Cysteine protease- degrades Lectin- adhesion Amoebapore-lysis Phospholipase-cell membrane
94
Cryptosporidiosis
Children Usually self limiting VACUUM Thin and THIQQ
95
Cryptosporidiosis | Thin vs Thick
Thin: re-infection ThiQQ: sexual, oocyts, shed into environment
96
Cryposporiodiss (diarrhea) clinical sx
``` Pt is EXTREMELY wasted weight loss fever, abd pain watery diarrhea pancreatitis ```
97
Cyclosporiasis
Latin america Explosive diarrhea LARGE oocyst contaminated fruits and veggies
98
Cyclosporiasis
must Sporulate in environment (likes to cycle outside) | EPXLOSIVE, non bloody diarrhea
99
Cyclosporiasis diarrhea
AF Acid fast Auto fluorescent
100
Cysts that are resistant to Chlorine (diarrhea)
Ameobiasis (E. Histolytica) and | Cryptosporiadias
101
Cryptospor crypt, gang, vacuums
Thin and THIQQ

Quarter 3 Finals (10 decks)

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