[Physics] Basics Flashcards
System of units of MKS (m, kg, s) and CGS (cm, g, s)
SI System
Also known as the metric system; system of units used by scientists and engineers around the worlds
International System (SI)
Used to denote very large or very small number by powers of 10 ( a x 10 raised to b)
Scientific Notation
- Physical quantity having a magnitude only
- distance, time, temperature
Scalar Quantity
- Physical quantity having both magnitude and direction
- displacement, velocity, acceleration
Vector Quantity
motion with non-zero acceleration
Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion (UARM)
motion of a falling body under the influence of the Earth’s gravity
Free Fall Motion
the constant acceleration of a free falling body
Acceleration due to gravity
the ability to do work
Energy
energy possessed by a moving body
Kinetic Energy
the energy of a body due to its position or shape
Potential Energy
the energy of an object due to its vertical separation from the Earth’s surface
Gravitational Potential Energy
the energy in a stretched or compressed spring
Elastic Potential Energy
the energy of electrons inside an atom
Electric Potential Energy
- random kinetic energy of atoms and molecules
- chemical energy due to bonds and interactions between atoms and molecules
Internal Energy
change in position of a body
Motion
length covered by a body due to its motion
distance
distance with direction
displacement
distance travelled ver time (m/s)
speed
vector quantity which is the ratio of displacement over time
velocity
the rate of change in velocity with respect to time
acceleration
motion of a body thrown horizontally and affected by Earth’s gravitational pull
Projectile motion
path taken by an object in projectile motion
Trajectory
Bodies at rest will remain at rest and bodies in motion will continue moving at constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by a net force
Law of Inertia
An unbalanced force acting on an object will cause the object to accelerate in the direction of the force
Law of Acceleration
For every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction
Law of Interaction
Property of matter that enables it to return to its original size and shape when the applied external force is removed
Elasticity
A component of force perpendicular to the area it acts on
Stress
A measure of deformation, usually it is the object’s change in length
Strain
Strain is directly proportional to the cause of deformation (stress)
Hooke’s Law
Tendency of a moving object to continue moving and the difficulty encountered in reducing that motion
Momentum
Kepler’s First Law of Planetary Motion
The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci
Kepler’s Second Law of Planetary Motion
A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time
Kepler’s Third Law of Planetary Motion
The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit
