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NMAT 2021 > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

most abundant organic molecule in nature

A

carbohydrate

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2
Q

monomer is a monosaccharide, polymer is polysaccharide

A

carbohydrate

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3
Q

common ratio is Cn(H2O)n “hydrate of carbon”

A

carbohydrate

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4
Q

functions include energy sources and structural elements

A

carbohydrate

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5
Q

macromolecules are linked together by a process called dehydration synthesis/ condensation (removal of water) and are broken down to their component monosaccharides through hydrolysis

A

carbohydrate

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6
Q

a process where monomers are joined together to form disaccharides via the removal of water

A

condensation / dehydration

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7
Q

a process that split polymers by adding water

A

hydrolysis

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8
Q

the bond that is formed in condensation / dehydration reactions (linking of monosaccharides together)

A

glycosidic bond

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9
Q

what type of carbohydrate is glucose?

A

monosaccharide

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10
Q

what type of carbohydrate is fructose?

A

monosaccharide

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11
Q

what type of carbohydrate is galactose?

A

monosaccharide

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12
Q

what type of carbohydrate is mannose?

A

monosaccharide

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13
Q

the most abundant monosaccharide

A

glucose

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14
Q

fruit sugar

A

fructose

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15
Q

constituent of lactose

A

galactose

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16
Q

monosaccharide that is important in human metabolism

A

mannose

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17
Q

what type of carbohydrate is lactose?

A

disaccharide

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18
Q

glucose + galactose

A

lactose

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19
Q

what type of carbohydrate is maltose?

A

disaccharide

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20
Q

glucose + glucose

A

maltose

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21
Q

what type of carbohydrate is sucrose?

A

disaccharide

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22
Q

glucose + fructose

A

sucrose

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23
Q

3-10 monosaccharide units joined by O-glycosidic bonds

A

oligosaccharides

24
Q

the usual function of monosaccharides

A

energy source

25
Q

the usual function of oligosaccharides

A

sugar transport

26
Q

the usual function of polysaccharides

A

structural role

27
Q

functions as a catalyst (enzymes), structural role ( collagen), movement (actin and tubulin), defense, regulation (hormones insulin), transport (hemoglobin), and storage

A

Proteins

28
Q

bonds that link together amino acids

A

peptide bonds

29
Q

the four levels of protein structure

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary

30
Q

chemical groups that form proteins

A

carboxyl group, amino group, R group (side chain)

31
Q

level of protein structure where the focus is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

A

Primary

32
Q

level of protein structure where the focus is the folding of the sequence of amino acids either the alpha helix or the beta-plated sheet arrangement of

A

Secondary

33
Q

level of protein structure = Folding that occurs in the 3D shape of a functional protein due to the R groups (hydrophobic or hydrophilic)

A

Tertiary

34
Q

level of protein structure = looking at a protein consisting of more than one polypeptide chain

A

Quarternary

35
Q

protein that help in the folding process

A

Chaperonins

36
Q

Lipids are defined by their ___ property

A

water-repelling

37
Q

the structure of lipids

A

3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol (also contain non-polar hydrocarbon groups)

38
Q

functions of lipids

A

transport, storage, insulation

39
Q

the type of lipid that is liquid at room temperature

A

oil

40
Q

the type of lipid that is solid at room temperature

A

wax

41
Q

the three types of lipids

A

oil (saturated and unsaturated), waxes, phospholipids

42
Q

the two forms of phospholipids in an aqueous environment

A

micelle and phospholipids bilayer

43
Q

a modified fat with a hydrophilic head (polar head) and two hydrophobic (lipid portion) tail, major component of cell membranes (lipid bilayer that is semi-permiable)

A

Phospholipids

44
Q

pure single bonds, fat

A

saturated

45
Q

single bonds with double bonds, oil

A

unsaturated

46
Q

lipids that consist of fats and oils

A

triglycerides

47
Q

composition of fatty acids

A

methyl group, hydrocarbon chain, acid group

48
Q

composition of triglycerides

A

glycerol and 3 fatty acid chain

49
Q

composition of phospholipids

A

phosphate group, glycerol, two fatty acids

50
Q

the monomer of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

51
Q

the bond that connects nucleotides together

A

phosphodiester bonds

52
Q

organic molecule that is involved in heredity, protein synthesis, and as energy carriers

A

nucleic acids

53
Q

the three components of a nucleotide

A

nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate group

54
Q

the 5 nitrogenous bases

A

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil

55
Q

the bond that connects base pairs

A

hydrogen bond

NMAT 2021 (8 decks)

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