Chemistry 1

Question 1

anything that has mass and occupies space

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity and hence its own properties

Answer 2

Mixtures

Question 3

change of state or phase

Answer 3

Physical Change

Question 4

transformation in which substances are converted into other substances

Answer 4

chemical change

Question 5

a substance composed of two or more elements chemically compounded into other substances

Answer 5

compound

Question 6

substance that cannot be decomposed by any chemical reaction into simpler substances

Answer 6

element

Question 7

the total mass of the products of a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass of the reactants

Answer 7

law of conservation of mass

Question 8

the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same, regardless of its source

Answer 8

law of definite composition (law of definite proportions)

Question 9

when two elements from more than one compound, the masses of one element in these compounds for a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers

Answer 9

law of multiple proportions

Question 10

the number of protons in the nucleus

Answer 10

Atomic Mass

Question 11

number of protons + number of neutrons

Answer 11

mass number

Question 12

atoms of the same element with different mass numbers

Answer 12

Isotopes

Question 13

exactly 1/12 the mass of carbon-12 atom

Answer 13

atomic mass unit (amu)

Question 14

average mass of atoms of an element in amu: mass in g of one mol of the element

Answer 14

Atomic mass (weight)

Question 15

quantity of a given substance that contains as many molecules or formula units as the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12: consists of 6.02x10^23 particles

Answer 15

Mole (mol)

Question 16

mass of one mol of substance; in g, it is numerically equal to the formula mass (weight) in atomic mass units

Answer 16

Molar mass

Question 17

(mass of A in the whole/mass of the whole)(100)

Answer 17

Mass% of A

Question 18

definite group of atoms that are chemically bonded together

Answer 18

Molecule

Question 19

electrically-charged particle obtained from an atom or chemically bonded group of atoms by adding or removing electrons

Answer 19

Ion

Question 20

notation that uses symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different elements in the substance

Answer 20

Chemical Formula

Question 21

formula with the smallest integer

Answer 21

empirical formula

Question 22

chemical formula that gives the exact number of different atoms of an element in a molecule

Answer 22

Molecular Formula

Question 23

the calculation of the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction

Answer 23

Stoichiometry

Question 24

reactant that is entirely consumed when a reaction completes

Answer 24

Limiting Reactant or Limiting Reagent

Question 25

quantity of product that is calculated from when all of the LR reacts

Answer 25

Theoretical Yield

Question 26

amount of product actually obtained in a reaction

Answer 26

Actual Yield

Question 27

model that describes that the protons and neutrons are in the nucleus while the electrons are outside the nucleus

Answer 27

Nuclear Atomic Model

Question 28

the 4 quantum numbers

Answer 28

n (principal quantum number), l (azimuthal quantum number), mL (magnetic quantum number), mS (spin quantum number)

Question 29

identifies the shell or level to which the electron belongs to n = 1, 2, 3, 4....

Answer 29

Principal Quantum Number

Question 30

identifies the subshell s=0 p=1 d=2 f=3

Answer 30

Azimuthal Quantum Number

Question 31

gives the shape of the subshell; +1, 0, -1

Answer 31

Magnetic Quantum Number

Question 32

orientation of atomic orbital spin quantum number; +1/2 or -1/2

Answer 32

Spin Quantum Number

Question 33

principle that states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously the exact position and the exact momentum of a fast moving body like an electron

Answer 33

Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

Question 34

principle that states that no two electrons in the same atom may have the same set of all 4 quantum numbers

Answer 34

Pauli's Exclusion Principle

Question 35

rule which states that in the ground state of an atom, electrons are distributed among the orbitals of a subshell in a way that gives the maximum number of unpaired electrons with parallel spins

Answer 35

Hund's Rules of Multiplicity

Question 36

principle which states that a scheme used to reproduce the electronic configurations of atoms by successively filling subshell with electrons in a specific order (orbitals with lower energy first)

Answer 36

Aufbau Principle

Question 37

type of chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons to form ions

Answer 37

Electrocovalent bond (ionic bond)

Question 38

type of chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Answer 38

Covalent bond

Question 39

type of chemical bond characterized by equal sharing of a pair of electrons in diatomic molecules consisting of identical atoms in identical atoms with identical neighbors

Answer 39

Non-polar covalent bond

Question 40

type of chemical bond characterized by unequal sharing of a pair of electrons in identical atoms with different neighbors when two bonded atoms are dissimilar

Answer 40

Polar covalent bond

Question 41

type of chemical bond where a metal consists of a regular arrangement of positive ions, and the valence electrons move throughout the crystal attracted to the positive cores of all the positive ions

Answer 41

Metallic Bond

Question 42

gases consist of particles in constant motion, gases are mostly empty space, particles exert pressure when colliding with container, particles don't interact, molecular speed is proportional to temperature

Answer 42

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Question 43

the ideal gas law equation

Answer 43

PV=nRT

Question 44

pressure of vapor in equilibrium with a liquid at a given temperature

Answer 44

Vapor Pressure

Question 45

temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure

Answer 45

Boiling Point

Question 46

resistance to the external pressure

Answer 46

Viscosity

Question 47

measure of the inward force on the surface of the liquid caused by the intermolecular forces of attraction

Answer 47

Surface tension

Question 48

atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular forces

Answer 48

Molecular solids

Question 49

positive cores of atoms held together by a sea of electrons

Answer 49

Metallic Solids

Question 50

cations and anions held together by the electrical attraction of opposite charges

Answer 50

Ionic Solids

Question 51

atoms held together in large networks or chains by covalent bonds

Answer 51

Covalent Network Solids

Question 52

a characteristic of a covalent bond which results when two atoms of different electronegatives form a covalent bond such that the electrons are not equally shared between them (with net dipole moment)

Answer 52

Polarity

Question 53

energy can be converted from one form into another, but it can neither be created nor destroyed

Answer 53

First law of thermodynamics

Question 54

every spontaneous change is accompanied by an increase in entropy

Answer 54

Second law of thermodynamics

Question 55

reactions tend to seek a minimum in energy and a maximum in randomness

Answer 55

Gibbs Free energy

Question 56

at absolute zero the entropy of a perfect crystalline substance may be taken as zero

Answer 56

Third law of thermodynamics