Physicals Exam of the Cardio System Flashcards
what is a sphygmomanometer bell used for
low frequency sounds
what is a sphygmomanometer diaphragm used for used for
high frequency sounds
what are the four components of a heart exam
inspection
palpation
percussion
auscultation
the sound in the S1 node is what
closure of mitral/tricuspid valves
the sound in the S2 node is what
closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
normal resting heart rates for adults
60-90
Loud S1 suggest what
increased blood velocity
mitral stenosis
heart block
Hypertension
calcification of mitral valve
loud S2 suggest what
hypertension
valve disorder
stenosis
fluid
what should be the pulse pressure range be between systolic/ diastolic
30-40 mmHg
may be as high as 50mmHg
what is the expected difference between blood pressure between arms
10mmHg
the amplitude id the pulse is describes on what scale range
4 bounding
3 full, increased
2 expected
1 diminished, barley palpable
0 absent, not palpable
pitting edema is rated on what scale
1+ slight pit, disappears rapidly (2-3mm in depth
2+ Somewhat deep pit, disappears in 10 to 15 seconds (4-5 mm in depth)
3+ Noticeable deep pit that lasts more than a minute (6-7 mm in depth).
4+ Very deep pit that lasts 2 to 5 minutes (8-9 mm in depth).
jugular distention greater than 9 suggest what
ventricular failure
what is normal BP in older adults
less than 140/90
ultrasound travels in what along what waves
longitudinal
what is the phenomenon call where distortion of crystal cause an electoral change
piezoelectric
higher ultrasound frequencies get what kind of picture
clear but superficial
lower ultrasound frequencies get what kind of picture
deep
fluid in a ultrasound is what color
black
tissue in a ultrasound is what color
grey
bone in a ultrasound is what color
white
Define Operating mode in which a two-dimensional image is generated that portrays moving reflectors in color simultaneously with images.
Color Flow Doppler
define Regulates the amplification (brightness) of returning echoes to
compensate for loss of transmitted sound caused by absorption and reflection.
Gain
define A relative term that refers to the echoes returned from a structure. Hyperechoic refers to a lesion or tumor which produces a stronger echo than the surrounding structures or tissues
Hyperechoic
define Refers to structures that contain fewer or weaker echoes than surrounding tissues
Hypoechoic
define: Ability to distinguish between two adjacent structures (interfaces).
Resolution
Define: An electromechanical device that is part of an ultrasound system. The device that contacts the patient and converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa
Transducer:
in a color doppler what do the colors represent
BART
Blue Away
Red Towards
what type of probe is used for abdominal and obstetric imaging.
Curvilinear probes
what type of probe used for soft tissue and small parts imaging
Linear probes
Think linear = lines
what type of probe is Uses computer control to “bend” the ultrasound beam from flat, small footprint to a wider pie-shaped wedge distally.
Phased array probes:
