Clinical Care of the Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the heart rate range for Normal Sinus Rhythm?
60-100 beats/min
A normal NSR will have what wave? What will that wave be followed by?
P wave
QRS complex
What action will cause a NSR to disappear?
holding your breath.
What will cause sinus bradycardia?
increased vagal tone on normal pacemaker,
Disease of the SA node,
medications use
Severe Bradycardia is classified at what threshold?
< 45 beats/min
Healthy individuals may have a HR of 50bpm, T or F?
True
In a bradycardia ECG what will be the bpm?
Heart rate < 60 beats/min
In a bradycardia ECG with the P, QRS, and T wave be normal?
yes
what should be the initial treatment of a stable bradycardia patient
treat the underlying cause
what should be the medication of choice to treat a unstable bradycardia
Atropine 0.5mg every 3-5min max dose 3mg
does Atropine work for patients that has undergone a heart transplant
No
what should be the secondary medication of choice to treat a unstable bradycardia
Dopamine IV infusion at 2-10 mcg/kg/min
What is the bpm criteria to be considered sinus tachycardia?
faster than 100 beats/min
what causes sinus tachycardia
fever, exercise emotion pain anemia heart failure pregnancy early shock thyrotoxicosis alcohol withdrawal or in response to many drugs.
what is the QRS complex duration
what is normal BP
<120/<80
what is elevated BP
120-129/<80
what is stage 1 hypertension
130-139 / 80-89
Stage 2 hypertension
> =140 / =>90
how is essential hypertension defined
with no single cause can be identified
what are risk factors for essential hypertension
sympathetic hyperactivity
abnormal cardio vascular development
renin angiotensin
defects in natriuresis
what exacerbates essential hypertension
smoking
obesity
excessive alcohol
how is secondary hypertension defined
a cause is identifiable
or BP is controlled with multiple medication
how many BP must be taken to Diagnose with high blood pressure
3 - 5 separate occasions
patients with secondary high blood pressure may have a displaced what
point of maximum impulse
what treatment yields the most results for hypertension
lifestyle modification
diet
weight loss
reduction of alcohol intake
increase PT
what are first line medication to treat hypertension
diuretics -hydrochlorothiazide
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ACEi
if a patient has hypertension with no signs of end organ damage what would be the diagnosis
hypertensive urgency
if a patient has hypertension with signs of end organ damage what would be the diagnosis
hypertensive emergency
what are signs found in a emergency hypertensive patient
end organ damage
neuro deficits
new murmurs
bruits
what is the treatment for urgency hypertension
lower Diastolic BP under 110 over 24 hrs
what medications is used to treat for hypertension urgency if patient is already prescribed HCTZ
if PT already on HCTZ give one 25mg dose PO
if prior HTN medication is unknown give one 25mg dose po
what medications is used to treat for hypertension urgency if patient is not already prescribed HCTZ
oral alpha blocker
what is the goal in treating hypertensive emergency
reduce BP by 25% within 1-2 hrs
then decrease to 160/100 over 24 hrs
Atherosclerotic Disease is primarily found where
arterial endothelium
what is atherosclerotic disease
plaque build up in the
