Physical & Motor Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Girls/boys experience puberty before girls/boys do.

A

girls/boys

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2
Q

True or False:
The year of age girls get their first period is dropping.

A

True

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3
Q

True or False:
A child’s size and motor abilities has no influence on their psychological development.

A

False
It can affect things like testing of wills, social interaction, attachment behaviors, boldness, agency, etc.

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4
Q

Why is puberty called the “renaissance of the brain?”

A
  • period of rapid development
  • new behaviors and unctions
  • reinduces nerual plasticity
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5
Q

How does puberty affect the brain?

A

new environmental experiences that become available by living in an adult body affect the brain

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6
Q

How does the decline of age of puberty onset affect the brain?

A
  • “an engine without a skilled driver”
  • brain exposed to environmental stimuli for adult world, but does not have the skill to navigate
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7
Q

What experience do boys who are late maturers tend to have?

A
  • more anxious and attention seaking
  • feel socially adequate
  • lower academic aspirations
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8
Q

Boys who are late maturers often have parents who do not have high academic aspirations for them. Why?

A

parents view child as a kid, and not a “big strong man” who is capable of such achievement

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9
Q

True or False:
Development is an evocative process.

A

True
If you see a person who looks like a kid, you’ll treat them like a kid.

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10
Q

What experience do girls who are early maturers tend to have?

A
  • more anxious and depressed
  • less outgoing and popular
  • not as appealing to underdeveloped male counterparts
  • sexualized by older boys; drawn to activities that they are not cognitively ready to handle
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11
Q

Why do girls and boys undergoing puberty have opposite trends?

A

girls are sexualized, boys are not

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12
Q

What is the nature theory of motor development?

A

unfolding of a genetically programmed sequence of events
* cephalocaudal/proximodistal development
* as brain gets bigger, it instructs body to do more complex things

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13
Q

What is the nurture theory of motor development?

A

children who have more opportunities and encouragement to exercise and practice motor movements can better develop these skills

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14
Q

What is the dynamic systems theory of motor development?

A

The body needs to be thought of as a system; body ⇆ brain

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15
Q

How did Thelen study the dynamic systems theory?

A

examined the number of steps infants take at different weights
* control
* added weight
* removed weight (in water)

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16
Q

What phenomenon did Thelen study when exploring the dynamic systems theory?

A

stepping reflex disappears a few weeks after birth and reappears a few months later

17
Q

What were the results and conclusion of Thelen’s study?

A
  • heavier infants stepped less
  • as infants get older, they carry more weight on their legs, so the stepping reflex disappears
18
Q

Why is Thelen’s dynamic systems experiment so important?

A

shows that changes as simple as physical growth could affect the phenotype
* the brain isn’t always the boss!
* through problem-solving, the body instructs the brain

19
Q

What is another experiment that supported the dynamic systems theory?

A
  • babies were offered toys with both their feet and hands
  • learned to first reach toys with their feet since it was more easily accessible and vailable to them