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PSYCH 130 > Biological Processes in Development > Flashcards

Biological Processes in Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What question did Descartes study?

A

How are the body and spirit connected?

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2
Q

Descarte believed that:
The body works like a ____ and that it has ____ properties.

A

machine; material

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3
Q

Descartes believed that:
The spirit has ____ properties and does not follow the ____.

A

nonmaterial; laws of nature

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4
Q

What is dualism?

A

interaction of theology and physics
* belief that psychological and biological processes are separate phenomena

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5
Q

Where did Descartes believe the body and spirit communicated?

A

the pineal gland

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6
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

primarily associated with processing visual information

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7
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

involved in memory, visual recognition, and the processing of emotion and auditory information

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8
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

governs spatial processing and integrates sensory input with information in memory

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9
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

organizes behavior and is responsible for planning

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10
Q

In what shape does the cerebral cortex develop?

A

reverse C

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11
Q

In what order does the cerebral cortex develop?

A
  1. occipital lobe
  2. temporal lobe
  3. parietal lobe
  4. frontal lobe
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12
Q

How does the development of the brain relate to evolution?

A

the brain develops from its least sophisticated functions to its most sophisticated functions

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13
Q

What are the seven stages of neural development?

A
  1. proliferation
  2. migration
  3. aggregation
  4. differentiation
  5. synaptogenesis
  6. apoptosis
  7. myelination
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14
Q

What happens in the proliferation stage of neural development?

A

rapid production of new cells

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15
Q

What happens in the migration stage of neural development?

A

following chemical paths to its final destination

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16
Q

What happens in the aggregation stage of neural development?

A

adhering to similar cells

17
Q

What happens in the differentiation stage of neural development?

A

specialization of neurons

i.e. motor neuron, sensory neuron

18
Q

What happens in the synaptogenesis stage of neural development?

A

synapse formation and the development of axons and dendrites

18
Q

What happens in the apoptosis stage of neural development?

A

selective cell death and synapse elimination to get rid of extra cells and synapses

19
Q

What happens in the myelination stage of neural development?

A

myelin covers the neurons that we keep

20
Q

How can one differentiate between a younger brain and older brain?

A
  • myelination – more white matter
  • frontal lobe is more dense
  • overall more dense brain
21
Q

True or False:
Synaptogenesis is accompanied by a period of overproduction.

A

True

22
Q

What happens in synaptic pruning?

A

synapses that don’t fire are eliminated

23
Q

Why is synaptic pruning important?

A

it allows the brain to only make the connections that need to be made and gets rid of unnecessary connections

24
Q

What happens when there is too little synaptic pruning?

A

hyperconnectivity:
when there are too many synapses and the individual becomes overstimulated

25
Q

What happens where there is too much synaptic pruning?

A
  • loss of brain function
  • memory loss
  • blocks to communication
26
Q

True or False:
In older brains, there is more myelination in the front than in the back.

A

False
In older brains, there is more myelination in the back than the front.

27
Q
A
27
Q

True or False:
Synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning occur in the visual cortex before the prefrontal cortex.

A

True

28
Q

Why is there a spike in synaptogenesis immediately after birth?

A

infants are exposed to much more visual stimuli after birth than when in the womb

29
Q

What does the delay of gratification task (the marshmallow test) tell us about child development?

A

children don’t know how to inhibit their responses because their prefrontal cortex is not yet fully developed

30
Q

We can/cannot consider genetic or environmental influences in isolation.

A

cannot

31
Q

Complete the formula:
gene ____ environment

A

x

32
Q

True of False:
A gene can express on its own without environmental input.

A

False

33
Q

True or False:
An individual with two LL alleles have a high risk of depression if they have experienced severe abuse.

A

False

34
Q

True or False:
Any individual with any 5-HTT genotype can have a high risk of depression if they experienced no childhood abuse.

A

False

PSYCH 130 (15 decks)

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