Neurodiversity & Developmental Disabilities

Question 1

What is neurodiversity?

Answer 1

a concept that regards individuals with differences in brain function and behavioral traits as part of normal variation in the human population

Question 2

True or False:
Not all neurodivergence is diagnosed or diagnosable.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False:
Neurodivergence is influenced solely by genetics.

Answer 3

False
genetics + environment

Question 4

What are developmental disabilities?

Answer 4

a group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas
* begin during developmental period
* impact day-to-day functioning
* last throughout a person’s lifetime

Question 5

1 in ____ children ages 3-17 have one or more developmental disabilities.

Answer 5

6

Question 6

What are the 6 types of developmental disabilities discussed in this lecture?

Answer 6

1. ADHD
2. autism
3. cerebral palsy
4. down syndrome
5. intellectual disability
6. learning disability

Question 7

What are the three core symptoms of ADHD?

Answer 7

• impulsivity
• hyperactivity
• inattention

Question 8

True or False:
ADHD is a problem with the management system of the brain

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False:
People with ADHD cannot focus their attention on any kind of task

Answer 9

False
People with ADHD have a few tasks/things that sustain their attention well

Question 10

What are the two core domains of autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 10

• deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
• restricted, reptitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

Question 11

What is cerebral palsy?

Answer 11

damage in the brain that affects motor development

Question 12

What is spastic cerebral palsy?

Answer 12

muscles appear stiff and tight

Question 13

Spastic cerebral palsy occurs from damage in the ____.

Answer 13

cerebral cortex

Question 14

What is dyskinetic cerebral palsy?

Answer 14

characterized by involuntary movements

Question 15

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy occurs from damage in the ____.

Answer 15

basal ganglia

Question 16

What is ataxic cerebral palsy?

Answer 16

characterized by shaky movements, balance, and sense of positioning in space

Question 17

Ataxic cerebral palsy occurs from damage in the ____.

Answer 17

cerebellum

Question 18

What is mixed cerebral palsy?

Answer 18

a combination of two or more types of cerebral palsy

Question 19

Mixed cerebral palsy occurs from damage in ____.

Answer 19

multiple areas of the brain

Question 20

What is down syndrome?

Answer 20

a disability caused by an extra incomplete or full copy of chromosome 21

Question 21

What are some characteristics of an individual with down syndrome?

Answer 21

• hearing difficulty
• trouble communicating due to small airways in mouth structure
• low muscle tone
• may require longer to mentally process information
• short stature

Question 22

What is intellectual disability?

Answer 22

significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance

Question 23

What are three common traits of intellectual disability?

Answer 23

1. IQ < 75
2. onset before age 18
3. limitations in adaptive behavior (i.e. feeding or taking care of oneself)

Question 24

What is a learning disability?

Answer 24

an umbrella term for children that are as smart or smarter than peers, but may have difficulty:
* reading
* writing
* spelling
* reasoning
* recalling/organizing information in conventional ways

Question 25

What are some examples of learning disabilities?

Answer 25

* dyslexia * dyscalculia * dysgraphia * auditory and visual processing disorders * nonverbal learning disabilities