Neurodiversity & Developmental Disabilities Flashcards

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1
Q

What is neurodiversity?

A

a concept that regards individuals with differences in brain function and behavioral traits as part of normal variation in the human population

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2
Q

True or False:
Not all neurodivergence is diagnosed or diagnosable.

A

True

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3
Q

True or False:
Neurodivergence is influenced solely by genetics.

A

False
genetics + environment

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4
Q

What are developmental disabilities?

A

a group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas
* begin during developmental period
* impact day-to-day functioning
* last throughout a person’s lifetime

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5
Q

1 in ____ children ages 3-17 have one or more developmental disabilities.

A

6

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6
Q

What are the 6 types of developmental disabilities discussed in this lecture?

A
  1. ADHD
  2. autism
  3. cerebral palsy
  4. down syndrome
  5. intellectual disability
  6. learning disability
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7
Q

What are the three core symptoms of ADHD?

A
  • impulsivity
  • hyperactivity
  • inattention
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8
Q

True or False:
ADHD is a problem with the management system of the brain

A

True

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9
Q

True or False:
People with ADHD cannot focus their attention on any kind of task

A

False
People with ADHD have a few tasks/things that sustain their attention well

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10
Q

What are the two core domains of autism spectrum disorder?

A
  • deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
  • restricted, reptitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
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11
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A

damage in the brain that affects motor development

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12
Q

What is spastic cerebral palsy?

A

muscles appear stiff and tight

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13
Q

Spastic cerebral palsy occurs from damage in the ____.

A

cerebral cortex

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14
Q

What is dyskinetic cerebral palsy?

A

characterized by involuntary movements

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15
Q

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy occurs from damage in the ____.

A

basal ganglia

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16
Q

What is ataxic cerebral palsy?

A

characterized by shaky movements, balance, and sense of positioning in space

17
Q

Ataxic cerebral palsy occurs from damage in the ____.

A

cerebellum

18
Q

What is mixed cerebral palsy?

A

a combination of two or more types of cerebral palsy

19
Q

Mixed cerebral palsy occurs from damage in ____.

A

multiple areas of the brain

20
Q

What is down syndrome?

A

a disability caused by an extra incomplete or full copy of chromosome 21

21
Q

What are some characteristics of an individual with down syndrome?

A
  • hearing difficulty
  • trouble communicating due to small airways in mouth structure
  • low muscle tone
  • may require longer to mentally process information
  • short stature
22
Q

What is intellectual disability?

A

significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance

23
Q

What are three common traits of intellectual disability?

A
  1. IQ < 75
  2. onset before age 18
  3. limitations in adaptive behavior (i.e. feeding or taking care of oneself)
24
Q

What is a learning disability?

A

an umbrella term for children that are as smart or smarter than peers, but may have difficulty:
* reading
* writing
* spelling
* reasoning
* recalling/organizing information in conventional ways

25
Q

What are some examples of learning disabilities?

A
  • dyslexia
  • dyscalculia
  • dysgraphia
  • auditory and visual processing disorders
  • nonverbal learning disabilities