Physical Hazards

Question 1

Dosemeter

Answer 1

Personal Sound Level Meter to measure noise.
Used when worker is highly mobile
Place microphone on shoulder and side of head

Question 2

Whole Body Vibration

Answer 2

In construction, agriculture and land transport
Risk of LBP, sciatica
EAV 0.5m/s (action needed)
ELV 1.15 m/s (limit)

Question 3

Hand Vibration

Answer 3

EAV - 2.5m/s daily amount at which controls should be in place with regular health surveillance.
ELV - 5m/s max exposure in any given day

Question 4

Lighting

Answer 4

Too much illuminance can lead to glare

Too little illuminance can lead to eye strain

Question 5

Photo Retinitis

Answer 5

Photochemical damage from exposure for more than 10s.

Blue light hazard

Question 6

Photokeratitis

Answer 6

Tender eye condition following exposure to UV rays without protection

Question 7

Luminous intensity

Answer 7

Luminous flux emitted per solid angle

Candela (Cd)

Question 8

Illuminance

Answer 8

Symbol E
Amount of light falling on a surface divided by the area over which it is falling. Measured in lux (lumens/sq meter)
Measured with light meter

Question 9

Luminance

Answer 9

Symbol L
Amount of light reflected from a surface
Cd/m2
Measured with luminance meter
Considered the human perception of brightness

Question 10

Light meter

Answer 10

Measures illuminance

Question 11

Reflectance

Answer 11

Ratio of light falling on a surface to light reflected from the surface as a %
Measured with reflectometer

Question 12

Reflectometer

Answer 12

Measures reflectance

Question 13

Luminance Equation

Answer 13

Luminance  = Illuminance x Reflectance/Pie
(candela/m2) = lux x %/ Pie

Question 14

Luminance meter

Answer 14

Measures luminance which is the amount of light reflected from a surface

Question 15

Parameters for heat stress

Answer 15

1. air temperature
2. air velocity
3. radiant temperature
4. relative humidity

Question 16

Dry Bulb Thermometers

Answer 16

Measure air temperature

AKA - Electric thermometers

Question 17

Wet Bulb Thermometer

Answer 17

Dry bulb covered in a clean cotton wick wetted with distilled water

Question 18

Psychrometers

Answer 18

Wet and dry bulb thermometer mounted in a frame
Used determine relative humidity
2 types sling and aspirated

Question 19

Globe Thermometer

Answer 19

Used to measure radiant temperature (mercury in glas thermometer with bulb in the centre of a matt black sphere.

Question 20

Kata Thermometer

Answer 20

Used to measure air velocities less than 0.5m/s

Question 21

Personal Heat Stress Monitors

Answer 21

Signals from various sensors including heart rate, temperature. Can have an alarm

Question 22

Static Instruments

Answer 22

Provide a signal for wet bulb globe temperatures and

air velocities

Question 23

WBGT

Answer 23

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature

Most widely accepted index for assessment of heat

Question 24

WBGT Indoor Use

Answer 24

WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.3 GT

WB is natural wet bulb temp, GT is globe temp

Question 25

WBGT Outdoor Use

Answer 25

WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.2 GT + 0.1DB | WB is natural wet bulb temp, GT is globe temp and DB is dry bulb temp

Question 26

Acclimatization

Answer 26

Full heat acclimatization requires 3 weeks of physical activity under the heat stress conditions. Ability of body to sweat increases, sweat increases, salt content in sweat decreases.

Question 27

Risk Control to reduce heat strain

Answer 27

Planning of work - eg maintenance work Modifying the environment - reduce process heat, improve ventilation, evaporative cooling Worker - medical pre selection, acclimitization, report sx Managerial - Monitor heat stress conditions, work rest, training, appropriate controls Protective Clothing - ice cooled jackets

Question 28

Climate factors for Cold Stress

Answer 28

Air temperature | Air velocity

Question 29

Risk Control for cold Temperatures

Answer 29

Below 16 for sedentary 4C for light -7C for moderate work

Question 30

Total body protection

Answer 30

If work performed in a temp of 4 or less

Question 31

PMV

Answer 31

Predicted Mean Vote | 7 point scale for assessment of thermal comfort

Question 32

PPD

Answer 32

Predicted percentage dissatisfied | Percentage of thermally dissatisfied people who feel too hot or too cool. Calculated from PMV

Question 33

Peak Sound Noise

Answer 33

Lower EAV - 80 db, 135 db Upper EAV - 85 db, 137 db ELV - 87 db, 140 db

Question 34

HACCP

Answer 34

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points | System for food hygiene with the aim of identifying hazards and placing controls to minimise risks.

Question 35

Cold Stress HSE Guidance

Answer 35

HSE does not issue specific requirements. Suggests: Appropriate PPE Provide mobile warm facilities and encourage hot drinks More frequent rest breaks Educate workers on early signs of cold stress

Question 36

Hygrometer

Answer 36

Measures humidity and water vapour

Question 37

Minimum Lighting Requirements

Answer 37

1. Level of illumination - depends on work being done, speed and age of person 2. Appropriate illumination ratios - difference between brightness in 2 places 3. Glare exclusion zone

Question 38

Accelerometer

Answer 38

Instrument used to measure arm vibration.

Question 39

Disability Glare

Answer 39

Individual disabled from carrying out given visual task

Question 40

Discomfort Glare

Answer 40

Not disabled but experience discomfort

Question 41

Veiling Reflection

Answer 41

Incident light that partially or totally obscures the details to be seen on a surface by reducing the contrast. Hard to read text on DSE as reflections obscure it.