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Medical Assistant > Physical Exams > Flashcards

Physical Exams Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Physical exam

A

Consists of health history, physical exam, and lab and diagnosis tests

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2
Q

Final diagnosis

A

The patient condition is determined through a health history, physical exam, laboratory tests, and diagnosis procedures.

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3
Q

Clinical diagnosis

A

An intermediate step before final diagnosis. Obtained through evaluation of the health history and the physical exam without the benefit of laboratory or diagnostic test

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4
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

2 or more disease may have similar system-toms

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5
Q

Prognosis

A

The probable course and outcome of a patient condition and the patients prospects for recovery

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6
Q

Risk factor

A

Physical or behavior condition that increase the probability that an individual will develop a particular condition

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7
Q

Screening test

A

A test performed on a large number of individuals for the early detection of a condition before it causes symptoms

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8
Q

Acute illness

A

Rapid onset and are usually severe and intense but subside after a short time

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9
Q

Chronic illness

A

Last longer then 3 months and show little change over a long time

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10
Q

Therapeutic procedure

A

Treat patient’s condition with the goal of eliminating it or promoting as much recovery as possible

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11
Q

Diagnostic procedure

A

To assist in the diagnosis of a patients condition

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12
Q

Drap

A

A paper cloth that covers patient or parts of a patient to provide comfort and warmth and reduce exposure

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13
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Blood pressure devise

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14
Q

Stethoscope

A

Used to auscultate body sounds, exL blood pressure, long and bowel sounds.

  • Diaphragm used to assess high-pitched sounds, like lung and bowel sounds
  • Bell is used to assess low-pitched sounds, like heart and vascular system
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15
Q

Otoscope

A

Lighted instrument with lens for ear canal and tympanic membrane

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16
Q

Tuning fork

A

Used to test hearing acuity.

- Frequency is 512 to 1024Hz

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17
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

Lighted instrument with lens, used to exam interior of the eye

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18
Q

Mensuration

A

The process of measuring the patient

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19
Q

Body Mechanics

A

The use of correct muscles to maintain proper balance, posture, and body alignment
- Keep the natural curve of the spine or vertebral column

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20
Q

Vertebral column

A

Four curvatures: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral curvatures

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21
Q

Transfer belt (gait belt)

A

Used to assist in the transfer of a print from a wheelchair to an examining table and back again

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22
Q

Inspection

A

Observation of the patient of any signs of disease

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23
Q

Palpation

A

The exam of the body using the sense of touch. Usually placement and size of organs, lumps, existence of pain, swelling, or tenderness

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24
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping the patient with the dingers and listing to the sounds produced to determine to size, density, and location of organs. Used to examine the lungs and abdomen

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25
Q

Auscultation

A

The exam that involves listening with a stethoscope to the sounds produced within the body

26
Q

Bariatrics

A

The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment and control of obesity and diseases associated with obesity

27
Q

Irrigation

A

Washing a body coral with a flowing solution

28
Q

Instillation

A

Dropping a liquid into a body cavity

29
Q

Visual acuity

A

The acuteness or sharpness of vision

30
Q

Refraction

A

The ability of the eye to bend light coming into it so they can focus on the retina

31
Q

Error of refraction

A

The light reads are not being refracted or bent properly and are not adequately focused on the retina

32
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsighted, light rays in fount of retina

33
Q

Hyperopia

A

farsighted, light rays behind the retina

34
Q

Astigmatism

A

A refraction error that causes distorted and blurred vision form both near and far objects. Cornea is curved into an oval shape

35
Q

Presbyopia

A

Decrease in the elasticity of the lens of the eye after the age of 40

36
Q

Ophthalmologist

A

A physician who diagnoses and treating disease and disorder of the eye

37
Q

Ophthalmologis

A

Is qualified to prescribe ophthalmic and systemic medications and to preform eye surgery

38
Q

Optometrist

A

Liscesed primary health care provider who has expertise in measuring visual acuity and corrective lenses
- Not a physician

39
Q

Distance visual acuity (DVA) test

A

Snellen eye chart

  • Done at 20 feet
  • 20/30: Top number is the distance the person reading is and the bottom number is the distance the average person can read the numbers correctly at
40
Q

Near visual acuity (NVA)

A

Uses a card with small print and they read it out. 14 to 16 inches away

41
Q

Congenital defects

A

Color vision deficiency that is inherited and is present at birth

42
Q

Acquired defects

A

Color vision deficiency that is after birth form eye and brain injury, and certain drugs

43
Q

Ishihara test

A

Used to detect color vision

44
Q

Eye Irrigation

A

Used to wash away foreign particles, ocular discharge, harmful chemicals, relieve inflammation, and apply an antiseptic solution

45
Q

Eye Instillation

A

Treat eye infections, sooth an irritated eye, dilate the pupil, or to anesthetize the eye

46
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

There is a physical interference with the normal conduction of sound waves through the external and middle ear

47
Q

Cerumen

A

Yellowish waxy substance

48
Q

Impacted cerumen

A

Wedge firmly together in the ear canal

49
Q

Serous otitis media

A

Fluid in the middle ear

50
Q

Acute otitis media

A

Infection of the middle ear

51
Q

Thympanic membrane

A

Eardrum (middle ear conductive loss)

52
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve
Causes: hereditary factors, degenerative changes from age (presbycusis), intense noise exposure, ototoxicity by meds, infectious diseases (measles, mumps and meningitis)

53
Q

Prespycusis

A

Degerernative changes in hearing due to aging

54
Q

Mixed Hearing

A

A combination of conductive and sensorineural loss

55
Q

Weber test

A

Used to assess hearing loss when one ear hears better then the other

56
Q

Rinne Test

A

Compares the duration of sound perception by air conduction with that of bone conduction

57
Q

Audiometer

A

Measurement of hearing acuity. It an provide info on how extensive a hearing loss is and which frequencies are involved

  • Quantitative
  • Low frequency: 250-500Hz
  • High frequency: 6000-8000Hz
58
Q

Tympanometry

A

Not a hearing test. Can determine the causes of hearing loss

59
Q

Ear Instillation

A

Soften impacted cerumen, to combat infection, and to relieve pain

60
Q

Ear Irrigation

A

Uses warm mineral oil or hydrogen peroxide for 10 to 15 minutes
Purposes is to cleanse the external auditory canal to remove cerumen, discharge, or a foreign body; to relieve inflammation and to apply ear

Medical Assistant (13 decks)

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