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Medical Assistant > Phlebotomy > Flashcards

Phlebotomy Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Phlebos

A

incision

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2
Q

-otomy

A

making an incision into a vein

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3
Q

Arterial punture

A

Performed in a hospital to assess the oxygen levels, Co2, and acid-base balance in arterial blood

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4
Q

Venipunture

A

The puncturing of a vein for the removal of a venous blood sample.
- Most common method: vacuum tube and butterfly

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5
Q

Vacuum tube

A

Fasted and most convenient. Relies on evacuated tube

- Collection needle, plastic holder, and evacuated tube

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6
Q

Butterfly method or winged infusion method

A

Used for more difficult draws, like the hand or small sclerosed (hardened) veins

  • Recommended for adults with small veins and children
  • Gauge: 21-23 G
  • Length: 0.5 to 0.75
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7
Q

Guidlines for Venipuncture

A 
Review specimen collection 
Identifying the patient
Reassuring the patient
Assembling equipment and supplies
Positioning the patient
Applying the tourniquet
Select the site
Obtain the type of blood specimen required
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8
Q

Patient Position

A

Sit down, palm facing up, elbow supported by armrest

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9
Q

Venous reflux

A

Blood to flow from the evacuated tube back into the patients vein. Can cause patient to have adverse reaction due to the additive in the tube. ex EDTA
- Prevented by keeping the patients arm in the downward position

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10
Q

Tourniquet

A

Should be applied with enough tension to blow the venous flow without affecting the arterial flow

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11
Q

Hematoma

A

A swelling or mass of coagulated blood caused by a break in a blood vessels
- Caused by a needle that is inserted too far, a bevel opening that is partially in the vain, or insufficient pressure applied

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12
Q

Antecubical space

A

Have wide lumen and are closed to the surface of the skin.

Thick walls making them less likely to collapse

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13
Q

Median cubital

A

A prominent vein in the middle of the antecubital space and does not roll

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14
Q

Cephalic vein

A

Thumb side of the antecubital space

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15
Q

Basilic vein

A

Located on the little finger side of the antecuital space

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16
Q

Clotted blood Specimens

A

Obtained from a tube that does not contain an anticoagulant

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17
Q

Serum

A

From clotted blood by allowing the specimen to stand and then centrifuging it

  • Top layer: serum (clear/ light yellow in color)
  • Bottom layer: clotted blood cells
  • Contains: glucose, cholesterol, sodium. potassium, antibodies, hormones, and enzymes
18
Q

Whole blood

A

Obtained using a tube that contains an anticoagulant. Must be inverted 8-10 times

19
Q

Plasma

A

Obtained from whole blood that has been centrifuged

  • Top layer: plasma
  • Middle layer: buffy coat
  • Bottom layer: red blood cells
20
Q

Buffy coat

A

Contains white blood cells and platelets

21
Q

Anterior Needle

A

Longer and has a beveled point designed to facility entry into the skin and vein

22
Q

Posterioer needle

A

Shorter and its purpose it to pierce the rubber stopper

23
Q

Needle

A
  • Coated in silicon
  • Sizes: 20- 22, with 21 being the most common for venipuncture. 22 For children and small veins
  • Length: 1-1.5 inches. 1 inch most used but 1.5 allows for more room to stabilizing the vein
24
Q

Flange

A

On the plastic holder it assist in the insertion and removal of evacuated tubes and prevents the plastic holder from rolling when it is placed on a flat surface

25
Q

Red tube

A

Does not contain anticoagulant. Used to obtain clotted blood or serum
- need to lets stand upright at room temp for 30 to 45 minutes before centrifuging

26
Q

Red/gray-speckled tube

A

Gold stopper for Hemogard tubes. Used to obtain serum but does have an additive that is a clot activator

27
Q

Lavender tube

A

Contains EDTA and used to obtain whole blood plasma. Most common used to collect for a CBC. Also used for sedimentation of blood

28
Q

Light blue tube

A

Contain anticoagulant sodium citrate and used to obtain whole blood or plasma. Most common used for prothrombin time

29
Q

Green tube

A

Contains anticoagulant heparin and used fro blood specimen to perform gas determination and pH assays

30
Q

Gray tube

A

Contains sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate (anticoagulant) and used for whole blood or plasma. Most used for drug and alcohol tests or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

31
Q

Royal blue tube

A

Contains EDAT or no additive. Used for the detection of trace elements like lead, zinc, arsenic and copper

32
Q

Order of draw

A

Yellow, light blue, red, gold, light green, green, lavender, gray

33
Q

Failure to obtain blood

A
  • Not inserting the needle far enough
  • Insertion of the needle to far
  • The bevel opening becoming lodge against the wall of the vein
34
Q

Fibrin clot

A

A spongy substance that occupies space interfering with serum collection.

  • Blood that does not sit long enough cell layer does not form a whole blood clot.
  • Sits too long and leaching of substances form cell layer into serum
35
Q

Serum Separator Tubes (SST)

A

Also known as gel barrier tube. Is an evacuated tube specially designed to facilitate the collection of a serum specimen

  • Red/gray stopper or gold
  • Contains thixotropic gel
36
Q

Skin Puncture

A

Used to obtain a capillary blood specimen, usually in small children

37
Q

Skin Puncture Site

A

The lateral part of the tip of the 3rd or 4th finger

38
Q

Osteochondritis

A

Inflammation of bone and cartliage

39
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the one or bone marrow caused by bacterial infection

40
Q

Hemoconcentration

A

An increase in the concentration of the nonfilterable blood components in the blood vessels as a result of a decrease in the fluid content of the blood.

41
Q

Hemolysis

A

The breakdown of blood cells

Medical Assistant (13 decks)

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