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Medical Assistant > Circulatory System and EKG > Flashcards

Circulatory System and EKG Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Electrocardiograph

A

Instrument used to recored the electrical acidity of the heart

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2
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

Is the graphic representation of this activity

- Heart at rest state and only records about 10s of activity

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3
Q

Ischemia

A

A deficiency of blood on a body part usually caused by a blocked artery

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4
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

1 heartbeat: Contraction of the atria and contraction of the ventricles and the relaxation of the entire heart

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5
Q

P Wave

A

Contraction of the atria on martial depolarization

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6
Q

QRS Wave

A

Electrical activity associated with the contraction of the ventricles or ventricle depolarization
- R wave is taller then P wave

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7
Q

T Wave

A

Electrical recovery of the ventricles or ventricular repolarization
- Artial depolarization is masked or Hidden by the QRS and does not appear as a seperate wave

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8
Q

U Wave

A

Small wave the tis associated in some as yet undefined way with depolarization of the Purkinje fibers or depolarization of the papillary muscles of the heart

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9
Q

Baseline

A

Horizontal line that separates waves. Resting or polarized state

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10
Q

Interval

A

The length of one or more waves a segment

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11
Q

PR segment

A

The time interval from the end of the atrial depolarization to the beginning of the ventricular depolarization

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12
Q

ST segment

A

Time interval from the end of the ventricular depolarization to the beginning of repolarization of the ventricles.

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13
Q

PR Interval

A

The time interval from the beginning of the atrial depolarization to the beginning of the ventricular depolarization.

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14
Q

QT Interval

A

The time interval from the beginning of the ventricular depolarization to the end of repolarization of the ventricles.

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15
Q

Electrocardiograph paper

A

1mm high x 1mm wide

  • Large square made of 25 small squares is 5mm high and 5mm wide
  • Heat sensitive and pressure sensitive
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16
Q

Amplitude

A

1m small squares

- 1mV = 10mm

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17
Q

Lead

A
  • Tracing the electrical activity of the heart b/w 2 electrodes
  • 10 leads are attached patient and are used to make the 12 electrical photos of the heart
  • 4 Limb lead wires: Right arm, left arm, right leg, and left leg
  • 6 Chest lead wires: V1-6
  • Right leg is the ground lead
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18
Q

Electrolyte

A

Substancee that facilitates the transmission of th heart electrical impulses
- Out of data it can dry out and not transmit good signal

19
Q

Bipolar leads

A
  • Lead I,II, and III
  • Use the two limb electrodes to record activity
  • Lead I- Activity b/w right arm and left arm
  • Lead II- Activity b/w rich arm and left leg
  • Lead III- Left arm and left leg
20
Q

Augmented Leads

A
  • aVR (right arm), aVL ( left arm) and aVF (left leg or foot)
  • aVR- activity b/w right arm and center point b/w the left arm and left leg
  • aVL- Left arm and center point b/w the right arm and left leg
  • aVF- Current b/w left leg and center point between the right and left arms
  • Leads I,II,III, aVR, aVL, aVF- provide photos of the heart activity from side to side and from top to bottom of the heart
21
Q

Chest Leads (precordial )

A
  • V1-6
  • Record heart voltage from front to back
  • V1 - 4th intercostal space, right of the sternum
  • V2- 4th intercostal space at left of the sternum
  • V3- midway between 2 and 4
  • V4- 5th intercostal space at auction of left midclavicular line
  • V5- Horizontal level of V4 at left anterior axillary line
  • V6- Horizontal level of V4 at midaxillary line
22
Q

Artifacts

A

Recordings that are not natural and interfere with ECG cycle

23
Q

Muscle Artifacts

A
  • Fuzzy, irregular baseline’

- Involuntary movement (somatic tremors) and voluntary movement

24
Q

Wandering Baseline Artifacts

A
  • Loose electrodes
  • Dried out electrolyte
  • Body creams
  • Excessive movement of the chest during respiration
25
Q

60- Cycle Interference Artifacts (AC artifact)

A
  • Small straight, spiced lines that are consistent causing the baseline to be thick and unreadable
  • Lead wires not following body contor
  • Appliances in the room
  • Wiring in the walls
  • Improper grounding the electrocardograph
26
Q

Interrupted Baseline Artifact

A

-Caused by the metal tip of a lead wire becoming detached or by a frayed or broken patient cable

27
Q

Holter Monitor

A
  • Portable ambulatory monitoring system used for the continuous recording of the electrical activity of the heart for 24 hr or longer
  • Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitor (AEM)
  • Purpose: Detect cardiac abnormalities that occur while the patient is engaged in his or her normal daily routine
28
Q

Normal Heart Ranges

A

60 to 100 beats per minute

29
Q

Sinus bradycardia

A

Slower the 60 beats per minute

30
Q

Tachycardia

A

100+ beats per minute

31
Q

Pulmonary function test (PFT)

A

To access lung fxn which assists in the detection and eval of pulmonary disease

32
Q

Spirometry

A

Noninvasive screening test

- Measures how much air is pushed out of lungs and how fast it is pushed out

33
Q

Circulatory system

A

Cardiovacular: Heart, blood, and blood vessels
Lymphatic: lymph, lymphatic vessels, and organs

34
Q

Heart

A
  • Normal adult pumps 5L of blood every minute
  • Thoracic cavity
  • Posterior to the sternum and anterior to the vertebral column and rest on the diaphragm
  • Apex: level to the 5th intercostal space
  • Base: Superior portion is level of the 2nd rib
  • Average size: 9cm wide and 12cm long
35
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Outer-layer of the pericardium consist of tough, white fibrous connective tissue

36
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

The fibrous pericardium is lines with serous membrane

37
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Attached to the vessels to the base of the heart, the parietal pericardium reflects onto the surface of the heart

38
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

A small space b/w the parietal and visceral layers

- Reduces friction b/w membranes as they run against each other during contractions

39
Q

Epicardium

A

Thin protective layer that is firmly anchored to the underlying muscles
- = Visceral pericardium

40
Q

Myocardium

A

Thick middle layer. Forms the bulk of the heart wall and is composted of cardiac muscles tissue

41
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the wall. Smooth permits blood to move easily through the heart

42
Q

Artia

A

Thin-walled chambers that receive blood from the veins

43
Q

Ventricles

A

Thick walled cambers the forcefully pump blood out of the heart

Medical Assistant (13 decks)

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