Hematology Flashcards
Hematology
The study of blood including: morphological appearance and fxn of blood cells, disease of the blood, blood forming tissues
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Component of red blood cells and gives them their red color.
- Fxn is to transport oxygen to the tissue of the body
- Often done routinely for people who are at risk of developing anemia
- Performed on capillary or venous blood
Hemoglobin (Hgb) reference range
Adult Female: 12 to 16 g/dL
Adult Male: 14 to 18 g/dL
Anemia
Decreased Hgb levels, often due to iron-deficiency
Polycythemia
A disorder where there is an increase in red blood cell mass
Hematocrit (Hct)
- Means to separate blood
- Purpose is to measure the % vol of packed RBC’s in whole blood after centrifuging
- Used for screening for early detection of anemia and a general physical exam
Hematocrit (Hit) reference range
Adult women: 37% to 46%
Adult male: 40% to 54%
Micohematocrit method
Uses capillary tube lined with anticoagulant
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
- Used to assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of disease
- Number of WBC in the circulating blood
Leukocytosis
Increase in WBC is seen in infections of appendicitis, chickenpox, diphtheria, infectious mononucleosis, meningitis, and rheumatic fever
Leukopenia
Decrease in WBC is seen in viral infections, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy
WBC reference range
4500 to 11000 per cubic millimeter (mm^3) or 4.5 to 11 (x10/mm^3)
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
Number of red blood cells in whole blood
- Decreased count: anemia, Hodgkin disease, leukemia
- Increased count: polycythemia, dehydration, and pulmonary fibrosis
RBC reference range
Adult women: 4 to 5.5 (x10^6 /mm^3)
Adult male: 4.5 to 6.2 (x10^6 /mm^3)
RBC indices
Part of CBC test. Provide info about the size and hemoglobin content of a patients red blood cells
White Blood Cells Differential Count
Purpose is to identify and count the 5 types of WBC in a blood sample
5 Types: Neutrophol, epsinophile, basophil, lymphcyte, and monocyte
Automatic Method fo WBC Differential Count
A blood sample with EDTA and uses the Coulter cell counter
Manual Method for WBC Differential Count
Using fresh whole blood or EDTA specimen within 24 hours are used to make 2 blood smears. Then they are counted. They are inspected for abnormal size, shape and structure
WBC Reference Range
Neutrophils: 40 to 75% Eosinophils: 1 to 6% Basophils: 0 to 2% Lymphocytes: 20 to 40% Monocytes:3 to 10%
Prothrombin Time (PT)
- PT test measures how long it takes an individual blood to form a clot measured in sec
- Reference range: 10 to 20 sec
- International Normalized Ratio (INR)
- The ratio for comparing the patients PT results with those of control sample
- One PT result is not equal to the reagent used in one lab compared to another so a ratio is made
PT/INR
- Purpose: Patients going under long term warfarin therapy. Measures the effect that warfarin has on the clotting ability of the patients blood
- Reference range: 0.8 to 1.2
- The higher the number the longer it takes for the blood to clot
- Only 4 to 5 mL need with light blue stopper tube and must be filled completly filled to obtain results
- Can also be done at home with analyzer
Warfarin
- Is an anticoagulant that inhibits the formation of blood clots in the body
- Perscriped to people at risk of forming blood clots.
- So people who have heart attack, stroke, martial fibrillation get this therapy
- Goal is the increase the clotting time to a level there prevents clotting but does not cause excessive bleeding or bruising
