Hematology

Question 1

Hematology

Answer 1

The study of blood including: morphological appearance and fxn of blood cells, disease of the blood, blood forming tissues

Question 2

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Answer 2

Component of red blood cells and gives them their red color.

• Fxn is to transport oxygen to the tissue of the body
• Often done routinely for people who are at risk of developing anemia
• Performed on capillary or venous blood

Question 3

Hemoglobin (Hgb) reference range

Answer 3

Adult Female: 12 to 16 g/dL

Adult Male: 14 to 18 g/dL

Question 4

Anemia

Answer 4

Decreased Hgb levels, often due to iron-deficiency

Question 5

Polycythemia

Answer 5

A disorder where there is an increase in red blood cell mass

Question 6

Hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 6

• Means to separate blood
• Purpose is to measure the % vol of packed RBC’s in whole blood after centrifuging
• Used for screening for early detection of anemia and a general physical exam

Question 7

Hematocrit (Hit) reference range

Answer 7

Adult women: 37% to 46%

Adult male: 40% to 54%

Question 8

Micohematocrit method

Answer 8

Uses capillary tube lined with anticoagulant

Question 9

White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

Answer 9

• Used to assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of disease

- Number of WBC in the circulating blood

Question 10

Leukocytosis

Answer 10

Increase in WBC is seen in infections of appendicitis, chickenpox, diphtheria, infectious mononucleosis, meningitis, and rheumatic fever

Question 11

Leukopenia

Answer 11

Decrease in WBC is seen in viral infections, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy

Question 12

WBC reference range

Answer 12

4500 to 11000 per cubic millimeter (mm^3) or 4.5 to 11 (x10/mm^3)

Question 13

Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)

Answer 13

Number of red blood cells in whole blood

• Decreased count: anemia, Hodgkin disease, leukemia
• Increased count: polycythemia, dehydration, and pulmonary fibrosis

Question 14

RBC reference range

Answer 14

Adult women: 4 to 5.5 (x10^6 /mm^3)

Adult male: 4.5 to 6.2 (x10^6 /mm^3)

Question 15

RBC indices

Answer 15

Part of CBC test. Provide info about the size and hemoglobin content of a patients red blood cells

Question 16

White Blood Cells Differential Count

Answer 16

Purpose is to identify and count the 5 types of WBC in a blood sample
5 Types: Neutrophol, epsinophile, basophil, lymphcyte, and monocyte

Question 17

Automatic Method fo WBC Differential Count

Answer 17

A blood sample with EDTA and uses the Coulter cell counter

Question 18

Manual Method for WBC Differential Count

Answer 18

Using fresh whole blood or EDTA specimen within 24 hours are used to make 2 blood smears. Then they are counted. They are inspected for abnormal size, shape and structure

Question 19

WBC Reference Range

Answer 19

Neutrophils: 40 to 75%
Eosinophils: 1 to 6%
Basophils: 0 to 2%
Lymphocytes: 20 to 40%
Monocytes:3 to 10%

Question 20

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Answer 20

• PT test measures how long it takes an individual blood to form a clot measured in sec
• Reference range: 10 to 20 sec

Question 21

• International Normalized Ratio (INR)

Answer 21

• The ratio for comparing the patients PT results with those of control sample
• One PT result is not equal to the reagent used in one lab compared to another so a ratio is made

Question 22

PT/INR

Answer 22

• Purpose: Patients going under long term warfarin therapy. Measures the effect that warfarin has on the clotting ability of the patients blood
• Reference range: 0.8 to 1.2
• The higher the number the longer it takes for the blood to clot
• Only 4 to 5 mL need with light blue stopper tube and must be filled completly filled to obtain results
• Can also be done at home with analyzer

Question 23

Warfarin

Answer 23

• Is an anticoagulant that inhibits the formation of blood clots in the body
• Perscriped to people at risk of forming blood clots.
• So people who have heart attack, stroke, martial fibrillation get this therapy
• Goal is the increase the clotting time to a level there prevents clotting but does not cause excessive bleeding or bruising