physical education exam Flashcards
Physical benefits of physical activity
Improved cardivascular function
-finess, stamina and energy increase.
-due to increase in size and strength of heart muscle.
-work more efficiently
-more oxygen is able to be transported
social benefits of physical activity
-increase enjoyment of activtity
-improve self concept
-improve quality of life and sense of wellbeing
enhance engadgment
-increase sense of belonging
-decrease social isolation
mental benefits of physical activity
-greater self-esteem and lower levels of anxiety
-improve quality of sleep
-improed brain function
emotional benefits of physical activity
-boost of mood
-reduce feelings of anxiety and depressive symptoms
-improved sleep
-increase endorphins
Contemporary issues associated with physical activity
-declining levels of physical activity/sport
-alcohol and gambling sponsorship in sport
-active transport
-children and competitive sport
-people with disabiilities
-increased obesity rates
-cultural diversity and inclusion in sport
dimensions of physical activity
Known as FITT
f- frequency- how often you complete it
I- Intensity - how hard you do it
T- Type - type of activity being undertaken
T- Time - How long the activity is done for (minutes-hours)
Domains of Physical Activity
Ocupational-Household-Leisure-Transport
Occupation- work related e.g nurses obtain much physical activity at work always walking around and doing thngs for the patients.
Household- incidental-gardening, doing the dishes, hanging out the washing etc.
Leisure- Recreational activities, sports, hobbies, exercise.
Transport- Going somewhere- walking, cycling, stairs, standing while on public transport.
Ways of measuring intensity
The talk test
This helps to see if you can maintain a conversation, if you can’t than you have worked at a higher physical activity level.
An exortion scale
An exerciser is asked to rate how hard they feel they are working on a scale of 0-10 (1 being very light and 10 being the maximum effort).
National phyical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines for children aged 0-5 years.
Physical activity (birth- 1 year)
-supervised floor based play should be encourged from birth
1-5 years years
-should be physically active every day for at least 3 hours. This can be spread across the day.
Sedentary behaviour
Birth-2 years
-should not spend any time watching Tv or other electronic devices.
2-5 years
- no more than 1 hour a day sitting and watching TV or electronic devices
Children 5-12
physical activity
- at least 1 hour of mod-vig activity per day
-at least 3 days per week include some muscle strenthening activity.
-several hours of physical activity should be encouraged.
Sedentary behaviour
-no more than 2 hours of TV or electronic devices
-long peiords of sitting should be broken up as often as possible.
Young people aged 13-17
Physical activity
-at least 1 hour of mod-vig activity per day
-at least 3 days per week include some muscle strengthening activity
-Several hours of physical activity should be encouraged.
Sedentary behaviour
-no more than 2 hours of TV or other electronic devices
-long periods of sitting should be broken up as often as possible.
Adults 18-64 years
Physical activity
-be active on most preferbly all days of the week
-accumulate 2.5-5 hours of moderate activity or 1.25-2.5 vigorous activity each week
-at least 2 days per week include some muscle strengthening acitivity
sedentary behaviour
-minimise the amount of time spent sitting
-long peripds of sitting should be broken up as often as possible
Older adults aged 65+
physical activity
-be active on most, preferebely all days of week
-accumulate at least 30 mins of mod activity on most days, if not all days
-At least 2 days per week include muscle strengthening activity
sedentary behviour
-no specific guidelines for sed behaviour
-if physical activity is stopped, they should start at an achievable level and build it up.
population based approaches to getting people active
Environmental change
Education programs
Policy change
Mass media
Sedentary behaviour inactivity- incidental physical activity
sed behaviour- is behaviour that is associated with sitting or lying down, including activities such as
-watching television
-working or playing on a computer (unless you are standing)
-driving on sitting on a car, bus or train
-it also includes homework, study or reading
Indidental physical activity
is unstructures activity accumulated throughout the day
-walking instead of driving
-stairs instead of elevator
-housework
-gardening
physical activity is not the primary goal its the consequence of behaviour.
Inactivity
To be physically inactive means to have physical activity levels below the level recommended to obtain health benefits.
Sociocultural influences on participation in physical activity
Historical influences
-A stereotypic aussie is a tanned athletic person
-Historically Australians have been successful in both team and individual sports which has shaped physical activity for all australians.
Sociocultural influences on participation in physical activity
social influences
Refers to the people around you
-peers
-parents
-siblings
-pets
-work colleges
-health professionals
Social support can come from any one of the above mentioned
Social behaviours include
-being active with someone
-encouraging someone to be active
-providing support for someone to be active
Sociocultural influences on participation in physical activity
cultural influences
-culturally and linguistically diverse population groups are less likely to participate in sufficient physical activity.
-this may be due to cultural expectations obligations
-and religious beliefs may restrict people to be physically active
-Due to Australia’s migrants, European participation rates in sports such as soccer have seen a big rise.
Sociocultural influences on participation in physical activity
environmental influences
-two types built or (constructed) or natural
-whether you have access to facilities
-How nice or poor the weather is
-How aesthetically pleasing your environment is
-Infrastructure of your area
-Terrain
Sociocultural influences on participation in physical activity
Individual influences
Gender
-not many differences between male and female participation rates in sport and recreational activities until 25-34 males slightly higher.
-Males participate in more vigorous activity
Socioeconomic status
-Lower SES refers to decreased participation levels in physical activity.
Self efficacy and cognitive variables
-positives include positive attitude, expected benefits, enjoyment and intentions to exercise.
-negatives include negative attitude, perceived barriers, depression.
Subjective and Objective physical activity tools (positive and negative)
Subjective-diary or log
Pros:
-not expensive
-easier to use
-able to provide more explanation of what you did
Cons:
-remembering accurately and honestly
-Not as accurate as you may not remember things that you have done so make things up.
Objective- Pedometer or Accelerometer
Pros:
-More accurate in collecting data
Cons:
-More expensive to buy
