Physical Development In Infancy And Early Childhood

Question 1

Define gross motor skills

Answer 1

Large movements that involve using the large muscles of the body which are required for mobility. Eg rolling over

Question 2

Define fine motor skills

Answer 2

Smaller movements that are require more precise direction and use smaller muscles of the body. Eg picking up a pencil

Question 3

Newborn gross and fine motor skills

Answer 3

Gross: primitive reflexes such as grasp
Fine: holds their thumbs tickled into their hand

Question 4

Primary reflexes

Answer 4

Basic reflexes, involuntary movements that are present at birth

Question 5

1 month

Answer 5

Gross: lifts chin, some control over their head
Fine: open hands to grasp a finger

Question 6

3 months

Answer 6

Gross: lift head and chest when lying on front
Fine: holds rattle for a short time

Question 7

6 months

Answer 7

Gross: rolls over, can sit up for short time w/o support and kick legs when held up
Fine: movements object form hand to hand, can pick up dropped toys if they are sight

Question 8

9-10 months

Answer 8

Gross: crawls, walking while holding object
Fine: uses finger and thumb to a hold small object

Question 9

12-13 months

Answer 9

Gross: stands alone, can walk w/o help
Fine: manipulates and places toys using pincer grasp

Question 10

18 months

Answer 10

Gross: climbs onto furniture
Fine: builds a short tower with blocks, use a spoon

Question 11

2 years

Answer 11

Gross: propels a sit- in toy with their feet, throws a large ball
Fine: draws lines and circles, pull on her shoes

Question 12

2 and half years

Answer 12

Gross: jumps from a low step, kicks a ball
Fine: uses a spoon and fork, builds a tower of 7-8 blocks

Question 13

3 years

Answer 13

Gross: can pedal and control a tricycle and throw a ball
Fine: developing tripod grasp, use a fork and spoon turn pages of a book and button and unbutton clothing

Question 14

3 to 4 years

Answer 14

Gross: can balance and walk along a line, can also run forwards and backwards and go on one foot
Fine: colour pictures and thread small beads (4)

Question 15

5 to 8 years

Answer 15

Gross: balance on a low beam skip with a rope, hop skip and jump with confidence and throw and catch a ball
Fine: control muscles of their fingers to construct blocks, use hand-eye coordination to fit the place in the correct place. Writers her own name (5). Start joining writing by 8 yrs

Question 16

6 years

Answer 16

Gross: ride a bicycle

Question 17

Skill: gripping

Answer 17

Having the strength in fingers and hands to hold an object firmly. Eg holding a rattle, tricycle

Question 18

Skill: manipulation

Answer 18

Skilful movement of objects using finger and hands such as turning, passing objects from one hand to another. Eg building with blocks, playing a musical instrument

Question 19

Skill: hand-eye coordination

Answer 19

Control of eye moving at the same time as finger and hand movement. Eg writing, completing puzzles