Physical Development Flashcards
Define the term cephalocaudal principle
Refers to the concept that development occurs from the head downward
Define the term “proximodistal”
Refers to the concept that development proceeds from the center of the body outward, i.e. the spinal cord develops before the outer parts of the body
What is REM sleep?
Active/light sleep
How do circadian rhythyms of newborns differ from adults
The circadian pattern in newborns is often “out of sync with that of adults, so they have different sleep patterns that correspond with different times of the 24 hour period
What is SIDS?
Sudden infant death syndrome
What are some risk factors of SIDS?
position of sleeping
Soft bedding
Maternal smoking
excessive heat
Define Dynamic systems theory
Development is determined by interaction between internal processes and contextual influences
congenitally organized behaviours
early behaviors of newborns that do not require specific external stimulation and that show more adaptability than simple reflexes
Define gross motor development
whole body general movements
Fine motor development
fine movements with hands
How does the mylenation of the neurons change with age?
They grow thicker
What is the last area to mature in the brain
Frontal lobe
describe plasticity
capacity of the brain to be affected by experience
What is a major change in brain development in teenagers?
Second wave of overproduction and pruning of synapes
Where are executive functions made?
Dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex
Define catch up growth
Quick growth after a disease that has inhibited growth
How much of sleep is REM sleep in babies, compared to adults?
50%; 20%
What is SIDS
Sudden unexpected and unexplained death of an infant less than 1 year (sudden infant death syndrome)
What are congenitally organized behaviours?
Early behaviours of babies that do not require external stimulation and show more adaptability than reflexes
What is an example of a congenitally organized behaviour?
Sucking
What do congenitally organized behaviours accomplish in the babuy
Means of:
- getting nourishment
- control and explore their environment
Define postural development
The increasing ability of the baby to control parts of its body, esp. the head and trunk
Define prehension
The ability to grasp and manipulate
Define proximodistal development
Tendency of body parts to develop in the trunk-to-extremities direction
Define cephalocaudal
Development in the head to tail direction
Define the dynamic systems approach to development of motor skills
Where motivation exists to perform a new task, new motor behaviours are created from their available physical abilities. via experience, systems come together to produce the most efficient response
What three processes are combined to perform perceptual development
Sensation, Perception, and Attention
How does myelination change with age
The myelin sheath increases in thickness with age
When are most neurons produced?
Before and at birth
What occurs in teens in regards to synapses
There is an overproduction and pruning of synapses
What are the first and last areas of the brain to develop?
Motor lobe; frontal lobe
Define plasticity
The brains ability to change structure and function in light of new experiences
What is the responsibility of the frontal lobe?
Executive function (impulse control, setting priorities, regulating attention)
What is the last executive function to develop in teens?
Good judgment
How the does the body proportion change with regards to the head?
50% of body at fetal stage, only 10% at full maturity
What are four factors that can affect growth and maturation discussed in the text?
Stress, heredity, and nutrition, and abuse/psychological trauma
What is the catch-up principle?
Kids who suffer an illness, for example, that slows or stops development, will have rebound period after the period of illness to catch up with other kids their age.
