Perceptual development Flashcards

1
Q

What are four basic methods used by researchers to investigate perception in infants

A

Preferential looking
Habituation
Visual scanning
Cortical evoked potentials

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2
Q

What is an implication of preferential looking?

A

If the baby prefers one stimuli over another, it means that he can discriminate between them

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3
Q

What do babies prefer to look at over other stimuli?

A

Faces

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4
Q

What is the contrast sensitivity function

A

ii. Gray background with darker and lighter lines that start close together, but progressively widen

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5
Q

What is a prediction of habituation in regards to new stimuli when one has already been habituated

A

If the infant can discriminate the habituated stimulus from the novel, the decrease in response should not generalize to the new stimulus

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6
Q

What is an assumption made in habituation

A

The baby prefers the novel stimulus to the habituated stimulus

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7
Q

How is development level determined using visual scanning

A

As age increases, the eye movements become more precise and take in more parts of the picture

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8
Q

What are cortical evoked potentials?

A

An evoked potential or evoked response is an electrical potential recorded from the nervous system of a human or other animal following presentation of a stimulus

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9
Q

What is the first external stimulus babies have a reflex reaction to?

A

touch

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10
Q

Define haptic perception

A

The perceptual experience that results from active exploration of objects by touch

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11
Q

Define visual acuity

A

The clarity with which images can be perceived

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12
Q

What is vision like at birth

A

20/400 - 20/800

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13
Q

When can babies full discern colour

A

4 months

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14
Q

At what age will the visual cliff scare kids to the point they will not cross?

A

9 months

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15
Q

What kind of faces do babies show preference for?

A

symmetric, “attractive” faces

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16
Q

Define prospagnosia

A

Inability to remember faces

17
Q

What are two evidences of innate mechanisms in face perception

A
  1. damage to certain parts of the brain can cause prospopagnosia
  2. Monkeys deprived of monkey and juman faces for the first 24 months of life are still able to discern faces
18
Q

Evidence that experience plays a role in face processing (2)

A

monkeys selectively exposed to human faces preferred human faces, and were better able to discriminate between human faces

19
Q

What is the other race effect

A

Struggles distinguishing between different faces of a racial culture in which one was not raised

20
Q

What are two different types of relational processing

A

Configural and hollistic

21
Q

Define configural processing

A

Taking several different features of the face and establishing a relationship between them in order to determine who the person is, or what sex they are.

22
Q

Define holistic processing

A

i) a quick initial response to the first-order information present in every face.
ii) Seeing just the face as a whole (recognizing someones face)

23
Q

Define intermodal perception

A

a. The use and integration of information from more than one modality to form a unitary representation of an object

24
Q

What is an example of intermodal perception being wrong?

A

The McGurk effect

25
Q

Define intentional behaviour

A

Ability to separate means from ends