First words

Question 1

definition of a word

Answer 1

same meaning each time the word is said

Question 2

how many words present in childs vocab at 1 year of age

Answer 2

1

Question 3

How many words present in a childs vocab at age 6

Answer 3

10000

Question 4

Define the naming explosion of development

Answer 4

A period of language development, beginning around 18 months, when children suddenly begin to acquire word (esp. labels) at a very high rate

Question 5

How many words are present for the child at 18 months, the beginning of the naming explosion?

Answer 5

have lexicon of 100 words they can speak, 200 they understand

Question 6

What are the two different styles of early childhood development

Answer 6

Referential vs. expressive style

Question 7

What is the referential style?

Answer 7

Vocabulary acquired through the naming explosion that involves a large proportion of nouns and object labels

Question 8

What is the expressive style?

Answer 8

vocab acquired during the naming explosion that emphasizes the pragmatic (sensible) functions of language

Question 9

what is the lexical contrast theory?

Answer 9

i. Children automatically assume that a new word has a new meaning that they don’t know, so they are motivated to learn exactly what the word means
they go with the more generally accepted version

Question 10

what two issues make up the reference problem?

Answer 10

mutual exclusivity and whole object constraint

Question 11

what is mutual exclusivity in children?

Answer 11

assume an object can only have one name

Question 12

what is whole object constraint in children?

Answer 12

assumption that a new word directed at an object refers to the entire object and not to part of it

Question 13

at what age can children engage in joint attention?

Answer 13

2 years

Question 14

Define syntactic bootstrapping

Answer 14

iii. It refers to the idea that human beings are born innately equipped with a mental faculty that forms the basis of language, and that allows childrento effortlessly acquire language.

Question 15

What is an example of syntatic bootstrapping

Answer 15

knowing that object precedes the verb

Question 16

what is the error of overextension?

Answer 16

i. An early childhood error where children use labels they already know for things whose names they don’t know
- use of single word to refer to many things

Question 17

what are probable causes of overextension?

Answer 17

a) Problems with cognitive understanding of categories b) Lack of vocab
c) Failure to retrieve right word from memory

Question 18

What is the error of onderextension?

Answer 18

i. An early language error in which children fail to apply labels they know to things for which they are appropriate
- Kitty refers only to the pet cat, no other cats