First sentences

Question 1

Define telegraphic speech

Answer 1

• nonessential function words are omitted

- can dominant form of speech until 3 years old

Question 2

what is the error of overregularization?

Answer 2

i. An early structural language error in which children apply inflectional rules to irregular forms (eg. Adding “ed” to “say”)

Question 3

what are two ways that children may learn grammar?

Answer 3

semantic bootstrapping and parental feedback

Question 4

define semantic bootstrapping

Answer 4

figuring out syntax through an understanding of the meanings of words

Question 5

what is the relationship between semantic and syntactic learning

Answer 5

Likely reciprocal

Question 6

what two methods are employed by parental feedback in teaching grammar?

Answer 6

modelling and corrections

Question 7

What is parental feedback modeling?

Answer 7

Imitations that reflect a progression towards more complex forms of grammar

Question 8

What are three corrections that are made by parents to teach their children good grammar

Answer 8

expansion, recast, clarification

Question 9

what is expansion?

Answer 9

Parent repeats error sentence with corrections added

Question 10

What is recast?

Answer 10

Child has used incorrect grammar structure, parent repeats in full and correct grammatical structure

Question 11

what is clarification

Answer 11

The child has said something completely intelligible, so the parent asked for clarification, forcing child to repeat differently in a better grammatical form

Question 12

define the learning theory of probabilistic learning models

Answer 12

i. Children analyze language input and extract high probability occurrences called frequent frames
ii. Infant directed speech contains many such frames

Question 13

is there a critical age for learning language? why?

Answer 13

Yes. Example of genie, and that you have a hard time learning a second language as an adult

Question 14

Discuss if bilingualism in kids is good or bad

Answer 14

1. Old research said that bilingualism results in cognitive deficit, but that was found to be untrue, because they learn the two languages slower than a monolingual kid.
   
   2. However, new research has found old research to be flawed in methodology and that that bilingualism is not a negative thing in children
   3. Also a link to decreasing alzymers with age