physical and enviro variables (soils)

Question 1

what are the two types of zonal soils?

Answer 1

ferrasols and podsols

Question 2

where is a ferrasol found?

Answer 2

in the tropics

Question 3

does it have a high acidity?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

what are the horizons of a ferasol?

Answer 4

OABCR

Question 5

why dint there any nutrients in the O and A horizon?

Answer 5

high rainfall means that they are not absorbed and are leached out of the soil

Question 6

are tropical soils fertile?

Answer 6

no due to excessive leaching

Question 7

how are nutrients added to the soil in ferrasols?

Answer 7

hot and wet climate means that leaves fall all year round supplying nutrients

Question 8

where are nutrients constantly cycled in a ferasol?

Answer 8

the vegetation and top soil

Question 9

in a feral there are limited nutrients at what depth?

Answer 9

50cm

Question 10

who does deforestation affect ferrasols?

Answer 10

removing vegetation removes nutrients due to there being a limited amount

Question 11

why are ferrasols less susceptible to soil erosion?

Answer 11

they are well drained

Question 12

why are crops more prone to drought conditions in ferrasols?

Answer 12

as they cannot hold water because of well drained

Question 13

what type of agriculture is common on ferrasols?

Answer 13

shifting cultivation

Question 14

if permanent cultivation as to occur on a ferrasol what would need to happen?

Answer 14

require high fertiliser to raise the ph level

Question 15

what are examples of vegetation in ferrasols and where?

Answer 15

rubber and black pepper plantation in brazil

Question 16

how long do podsols take to develop?

Answer 16

3000-5000 years

Question 17

where are podsols found?

Answer 17

where precipitation is high and temperatures are cool

Question 18

are podsols acidic?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

what other horizon does a podsol have?

Answer 19

E

Question 20

what happen at the E horizon in a podsol?

Answer 20

sever leaching takes place of iron and aluminium makes it pale it colour

Question 21

why does water logging occur in a podsol

Answer 21

at the B horizon iron begins to accumulate to make a hardpan layer

Question 22

in a podsol what do the low temperatures cause?

Answer 22

decomposition and growing to be slow

Question 23

what is available throughout the year in a podsol?

Answer 23

leaf litter

Question 24

why are podsols unsuitable for arable farming?

Answer 24

low in nutrients and very acidic

Question 25

what is done to remove the hardpin in podsols?

Answer 25

deep ploughing

Question 26

what is done to allow crop cultivation in a podsol?

Answer 26

continuous use of fertilisers and lime

Question 27

what are the areas of podsols mainly used for?

Answer 27

forestry, recreation and extensive grazing

Question 28

what are soils consisted of?

Answer 28

weathered rock, organic material, water and air

Question 29

what does the type of soil found in areas depend on?

Answer 29

climate
vegetation
topography

Question 30

what is a zonal soil?

Answer 30

develop over a long period of time under the influence of climate and vegetation
have distinct profile

Question 31

what does the global classification of zonal soils identify?

Answer 31

different soil horizons
OABCR
OAEBCR