malaria - disease and enviro Flashcards
what are the symptoms of malaria?
fever headaches tiredness diarrhoea vomit
how does a person catch malaria?
the parasite is carried by mosquitoes that pick it up in stagnant water
when bitten the parasite enters the red bloods cells casing anaemia and jaundice
if malaria is left untreated what can it cause?
kidney failure
siezures
coma
death
when do symptoms appear?
after a week or two of being bitten
without treatment when can the disease return?
up to fifty years later even though you have only been bitten once
what is the rate of malaria dependant on?
several factors linked to the natural environment and human population
how many children die a minute?
one
what is increasing the distribution of malaria?
climate change
what are the factors that cause malaria?
species of mosquito
human immunity
enviro
what factors are in species of mosquitoes?
life span - longer the life span more chance it has to spread the disease
prefernce on biting humans - some species prefer to bit species thought to be a combo of these two to why malaria case prevail in africa
what % of all malaria cases are in africa?
90%
what are the factors dealing with human immunity?
children - partial immunity is built up over the years
immigrants - lack of exposure to the disease
what are the environmental factors associated with the disease?
climate - breed in water
rural vs urban - distribution is complex
why is the distribution of the disease complex?
in south east asia there is a risk of infection whereas in the urban area they have been declared disease free
how else cam malaria be caught?
through blood transfusion or contaminated needles
why does climate affect the disease?
mosquitos breed in water
in the tropics stagnant puddles are available all year due to wet tropical climate
how can outbreaks be predicted with climate?
in areas with dry and wet season
more common just after rainfall so can be mapped
what % of the population are at risk of contracting the disease?
more than 40%
how many people are at high risk of getting the disease?
1.2 billion
how many new cases occur every year?
214 million
how many countries is malaria present in?
97
what percentage of people with malaria live n 7% of worlds countries?
80%
is it a global disease?
international ngos striving for eradication see it as a concern for the whole of humanity
how many people died in 2015?
400,000
where are nearly 80% of deaths accounted or?
africa and india
what is the risk of climate change?
that it will further migrate until reaching the poles
how many cases were found in ugande 2015?
3 million
6000 deaths
why does transmission of the disease occur all year round in uganda?
due to the high temperatures and lake such as albert and victoria
breeding grounds
what can be done to change environmental conditions of the disease in uganda?
not a lot can be done
has been irrigation systems in place
insecticides and nets
in 2009 where did a drug factory open in uuganda?
kabale
the first malaria drug factory
5000 farmers grow the plants used to create the drugs
how are the millennium development goals linked?
one of the goals was to combat hiv and malaria
since 2000-2003 new infections has feel by 40 % due to help of UN and WHO
what % has children sleeping under mosquito nets increase by?
over 30%
2000-2015 MDG
how has the death rate dropped from 2000-2015 due to MDG
declined by 60%
when has the WHO targeted to eliminate the disease and from where?
2030 in 35 countries
what are ways of managing the disease?
prompt and effective treatment
nets
indoor sprays
burning mosquito coils
why is malaria a disease of poverty?
due to lack of investment in projects for prevention and cures
what climatic conditions does malaria transmission fall at?
high altitudes (over 1500m) low rainfall (below 1000mm)
