food security and fertility Flashcards
what is food security?
when people have enough affordable and nutritious food to eat that ensures a healthy lifestyles
why is there a diminished capacity to create more farmland?
any exploitable land is being used for development
what is a double burden?
whereby HICs and LICs are both facing malnutrition
who identified the double burden?
WHO
how are both LIC and HICs malnourished>
LIC - too little food with too little nutrients
HIC - too much food with the wrong nutritious value
what is depth of food deficit?
a measurement of the difference between average food consumption and average food requirements
how is fertility rates linked to food security?
if children die due to malnutrition then it can cause families to have more children to ensure that some of them live
what is the replacement level of fertility?
the total fertility rate in which a population replaces itself form one generation to the next excluding migration
what is the average fertility rate in most countries>
2.1
what is sub saharan africas fertility rate?
5.4
what is SSA fertility rate expected to be in 2050?
3.2
what is SSA expected value a reflection of?
urbanisation, mortality rates and increases in income
what percentage of SSA population is undernourished?
27%
what percent of the worlds hungriest people live in SSA?
44%
what are the advantages of SSA reaching 2.1?
- redice food demand
- economical benefits, fewer children to car for
- reducing carbon emissions
- advance gender equality
who could SSA achieve 2.1?
increase education opportunities
increase access to sex clinics
family planning education
reduction in infant and child mortality
who controls the set policies and funding for schemes that control fertility rate?
therefore who’s responsibility is it?
national governments
who can civil society organisations help with lowering fertility rate?
raising awareness , generating resources
what is an example of a country that lowered there fertility rate?
vietnam
what did vietnam reduce their fertility rates by?
7.4 to 2
how long did it take vietnam to reduce the rate?
30 years
what did vietnam do in order to reduce rate?
put in place government penalties for those with a larger family
what are the different ways in which food security can be increased?
increasing food production
increasing food access
reducing waste
how can food production be increased?
- agricultural expansion
- intensive farming
- changing the types of food (ones with less land)
- technology
what are the ways in which you can increase food access?
- trade
- improvong market access
- aid
what are the ways in which you can reduce waste/
- reduce crop loss
- distirbution
- consumption
what is the Eat.Think.Save?
a campaign to stop food waste
includes recipes that include leftovers
what does a food bank do?
reduces waste, some supermarkets give to them such as the CoOp
what ar the kinds of technology that increase food security?
GM farming - disease resistant, higher nutrients
hydroponics
aeroponics
both reduce the need for soil
what is the problem with hydro/aeroponics?
very expensive
what is the problem with changing the types of food?
to increase FS meat would have to be stopped but due to countries being more developed they are in high demand
Wagyu
what is wrong with aid in increasing security?
it is not a long term solution it is given in times of crisis
how can trade be good and bad for FS?
it can help to transport food to different areas
however it has to be a low prices and some undeveloped countries wh don’t have a big position in the trade world may not be able to afford it
which solution may not be sustainable to the environment and why?
intesnive farming due to the use of artificial chemical which can cause long terms problems on the environment
what is an example of genetically modified vegetation?
golden rice
has a source of vitamin A in from beta carotene improves nutrients given
who does the sustaibnable developmental goals link?
the UN proposed to zero hunger (goal 2)
through increased investment in rural infrastructure and agricultural research especially in less developed regions
