food security and fertility Flashcards

1
Q

what is food security?

A

when people have enough affordable and nutritious food to eat that ensures a healthy lifestyles

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2
Q

why is there a diminished capacity to create more farmland?

A

any exploitable land is being used for development

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3
Q

what is a double burden?

A

whereby HICs and LICs are both facing malnutrition

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4
Q

who identified the double burden?

A

WHO

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5
Q

how are both LIC and HICs malnourished>

A

LIC - too little food with too little nutrients

HIC - too much food with the wrong nutritious value

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6
Q

what is depth of food deficit?

A

a measurement of the difference between average food consumption and average food requirements

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7
Q

how is fertility rates linked to food security?

A

if children die due to malnutrition then it can cause families to have more children to ensure that some of them live

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8
Q

what is the replacement level of fertility?

A

the total fertility rate in which a population replaces itself form one generation to the next excluding migration

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9
Q

what is the average fertility rate in most countries>

A

2.1

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10
Q

what is sub saharan africas fertility rate?

A

5.4

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11
Q

what is SSA fertility rate expected to be in 2050?

A

3.2

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12
Q

what is SSA expected value a reflection of?

A

urbanisation, mortality rates and increases in income

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13
Q

what percentage of SSA population is undernourished?

A

27%

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14
Q

what percent of the worlds hungriest people live in SSA?

A

44%

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15
Q

what are the advantages of SSA reaching 2.1?

A
  • redice food demand
  • economical benefits, fewer children to car for
  • reducing carbon emissions
  • advance gender equality
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16
Q

who could SSA achieve 2.1?

A

increase education opportunities
increase access to sex clinics
family planning education
reduction in infant and child mortality

17
Q

who controls the set policies and funding for schemes that control fertility rate?
therefore who’s responsibility is it?

A

national governments

18
Q

who can civil society organisations help with lowering fertility rate?

A

raising awareness , generating resources

19
Q

what is an example of a country that lowered there fertility rate?

20
Q

what did vietnam reduce their fertility rates by?

21
Q

how long did it take vietnam to reduce the rate?

22
Q

what did vietnam do in order to reduce rate?

A

put in place government penalties for those with a larger family

23
Q

what are the different ways in which food security can be increased?

A

increasing food production
increasing food access
reducing waste

24
Q

how can food production be increased?

A
  • agricultural expansion
  • intensive farming
  • changing the types of food (ones with less land)
  • technology
25
what are the ways in which you can increase food access?
- trade - improvong market access - aid
26
what are the ways in which you can reduce waste/
- reduce crop loss - distirbution - consumption
27
what is the Eat.Think.Save?
a campaign to stop food waste | includes recipes that include leftovers
28
what does a food bank do?
reduces waste, some supermarkets give to them such as the CoOp
29
what ar the kinds of technology that increase food security?
GM farming - disease resistant, higher nutrients hydroponics aeroponics both reduce the need for soil
30
what is the problem with hydro/aeroponics?
very expensive
31
what is the problem with changing the types of food?
to increase FS meat would have to be stopped but due to countries being more developed they are in high demand Wagyu
32
what is wrong with aid in increasing security?
it is not a long term solution it is given in times of crisis
33
how can trade be good and bad for FS?
it can help to transport food to different areas however it has to be a low prices and some undeveloped countries wh don't have a big position in the trade world may not be able to afford it
34
which solution may not be sustainable to the environment and why?
intesnive farming due to the use of artificial chemical which can cause long terms problems on the environment
35
what is an example of genetically modified vegetation?
golden rice | has a source of vitamin A in from beta carotene improves nutrients given
36
who does the sustaibnable developmental goals link?
the UN proposed to zero hunger (goal 2) | through increased investment in rural infrastructure and agricultural research especially in less developed regions