natural population change Flashcards
definition of birth rate
number of live birth per thousand per year
definition of death rate
number of deaths per thousand per year
definition of total fertility rate
average number of children a women will have when she is of reproductve age
definition of infant mortality rate
number of children out of a thousand that die before the age of one
definition of dependancy ratio
proportion of people who have to be supported by the working population
what age are defendant people?
below 14 and over 65
what is the model used for population change?
demographic transition model
what does the dtm show?
how the population of a country changes over time
how many stage does the dtm have?
five
what changes does the dtm include?
birth rate
death rate
total population
as a country develops what happens?
they move through the stages of the dtm
who does the total population change?
birth rate and death rate change
describe stage one of the dtm
birth rate and death rate fluctuate but stay at around the same level (35/1000)
total population low
low health care (more death and more babies)
are there any countries in stage one?
no but there are some tribes in the amazonn rainforest
describe stage two of the dtm
death rate falls but birth rate stays around the same
produces natural increase in population
more health care
birth rate high for labour reasons
what countries are in stage two?
afganistan
describe stage three
birth rate declines rapidly death rate declines slowly birth control manufacturing=less labour morroco
describes stage four
birth rate and death rate fluctuate at low level
population remains stable but high
children more expensive
what countries are in stage four?
most of europe and uk
describe stage five?
birth rate declines further whilst death rate remains stable
natural population decrease
dependant elderly relatives prevent children as too expensive for both
more elderly people
which countries are in stage five
highly developed countries such as japan
what are limitations to the dtm?
- does not take into account migration
- war and disease not accounted for
- many countries don’t pass though all stages due to extreme poverty
what are some cultural controls that affect population change?
- role of women in society
- attitudes towards marriage
- religion
- population policies
what stage is the uk in?
stage four
what is the uks birth and death rate
- 1/1000
9. 4/1000
how much is the uks population growing by?
0.5% each year
slowly
what are physical factors that mean uk is in stage four?
- fertile soils and temperate climate mean there is reliable food source
- natural resources such as coal
- low ling land (crops)
- surrounded by the sea, fish and international shipping
what are human factors that mean the uk is in stage four?
- education is compulsory until 18
- contraception is easily accessible due to nhs
- health care
