Physical and Chemical Digestion of Food.

Question 1

How are large particles of food broken down?

Answer 1

By the teeth.

Question 2

How are large, insoluble molecules broken down?

Answer 2

By enzymes.

Question 3

What do dentists do?

Answer 3

They advise on tooth care, and repair damaged caused by poor diet or poor tooth cleaning.

Question 4

What do dental hygienists do?

Answer 4

Remove plaque from teeth.

Question 5

What is the function of saliva?

Answer 5

To lubricate food, to neutralise acids in the mouth.

Question 6

What are the benefits of alkaline saliva?

Answer 6

Neutralises acids in the mouth, that may otherwise cause cavities.

Question 7

How is tooth decay caused?

Answer 7

Acid comes from bacteria that feed on food left in the mouth, as well as acidic food, the acid dissolves the enamel, which can eventually decay the dentine, eventually exposing the pulp, when nerve endings are stimulated you may get toothache.

Question 8

What is peristalsis?

Answer 8

The muscular contractions that push food down the oesophagus, peristalsis also happens in the intestines.

Question 9

Which enzymes digest carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Carbohydrase.

Question 10

What parts of the body produce carbohydrase?

Answer 10

Salivary glands, the pancreas, and the small intestine.

Question 11

Which carbohydrate does amylase digest?

Answer 11

Starch.

Question 12

Which enzyme digests protein?

Answer 12

Protease.

Question 13

What is the product of carbohydrate digestion?

Answer 13

Glucose.

Question 14

What is the product of protein digestion?

Answer 14

Amino acids.

Question 15

What parts of the body produce protease?

Answer 15

The stomach, the pancreas, the small intestine.

Question 16

Which enzyme digests fats?

Answer 16

Lipase.

Question 17

What are the products of fat digestion?

Answer 17

Fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 18

What parts of the body produce lipase?

Answer 18

Pancreas and small intestine.

Question 19

Where is bile produced?

Answer 19

In the liver.

Question 20

Where is bile stored?

Answer 20

The gall bladder.

Question 21

How does bile get to the intestine?

Answer 21

Via the bile duct.

Question 22

How is the surface area of the small intestine increased?

Answer 22

By the villi.

Question 23

Which organ does deamination take place?

Answer 23

The liver.

Question 24

What is the product of deamination?

Answer 24

Ammonia.

Question 25

What is the function of bile?

Answer 25

To neutralise stomach acid, emulsifies fats.

Question 26

Why might patients with cystic fibrosis have difficulty digesting food?

Answer 26

In cystic fibrosis, mucus clogs the pancreas, and digestive enzymes are not able to get to the intestine. So food is not properly digested, particularly fats and proteins. A related symptom is large, greasy, smelly stools.
Lack of nutrition prevents normal growth and development in babies and children. Unhealthy weight loss and difficulty gaining or maintaining weight are common problems for many people of all ages who have cystic fibrosis

Question 27

Why do people with coeliac disease have difficulty absorbing food?

Answer 27

When people with coeliac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi—the tiny, fingerlike projections lining the small intestine. Villi normally allow nutrients from food to be absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream. Without healthy villi, a person becomes malnourished, no matter how much food one eats.