Physical Activity Interventions Flashcards
Importance of maintaining a physically active lifestyle
-Guidelines suggest adults engage in 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week.
-Despite exercise benefits, 85% of adults and 93% of young people are not meeting physical activity
recommendations.
-Physical inactivity strains health-care system
6 factors that predict exercise behaviour
- Genetic Factors: reside within the person (i.e., age)
- Psychological Factors: address how the individual thinks about exercise
- Social Factors: aspects within the social setting or human interaction
- Program Factors: based on program accessibility, convenience and cost
- Physical Environment Factors: weather, safety, lighting, sidewalks, bike paths
- Socioeconomic Factors: employment and income
Intervention research
Research that evaluates how manipulating determinant affects exercise behaviour.
Some issues surrounding intervention research
-Few evidence-based exercise interventions are translated into practical settings
-Not all interventions are equally effective
-Only small number of interventions are directed towards changing behaviour in low-middle income
countries
2 Types of Intervention Research
- Evaluation of physical activity as an outcome variable– Research that develops interventions and tests whether or not they positively affect exercise behaviour
- Physical activity as the treatment variable– Research that modifies an individual’s life experience through physical activity
Physical activity as an outcome in intervention research (theory vs. non-theory based)
Intervention research is theory or non-theory based
-Theory-based research: Interventions based on theoretically proposed relationships
-Non-theory-based research: Interventions that are not based on theoretically proposed relationships
-May contain same constructs outlined by theories, but not concerned with testing theoretically proposed relationships
Theoretically based intervention resesearch (4)
- Theory of planned behaviour
- Social cognitive theory
- Transtheoretical model
- Self-determination theory
Theory of planned behaviour
*built around intention to complete behaviour, interventions build up certain aspects (ex. attitude) to increase behaviour
-Attitudes and social norms will influence intentions
-Most immediate predictor of behaviour is individual’s intention to complete behaviour
-Perceived control will affect both intentions and the behaviour
Social cognitive theory
-Based on Reciprocal Determinism )3 sets of influences- person, environment and behaviour- that all interact to influence one another).
-Concept of self-efficacy is key
-2 strategies to promote self-regulation and self-efficacy: goal setting and behavioural monitoring
-Can change self-efficacy beliefs by: focusing on mastery or performance accomplishments, goal setting, social support, and educational programs
*interventions: help people come up with a program that they achieve a goal and feel high self-efficacy, focusing on their progress and improving
Transtheoretical model
-Distinct stages occur when attempting to change behaviours.
1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance
6. Termination
-Stage-matching interventions: Strategies sensitive to the specific needs of the individual within different stages of change according to the transtheoretical model.
*people at different parts of the model would require different interventions, need to find where person is at in the model in order to help them
Self-determination theory
-Engage in successful self-regulation when intrinsically motivated to participate based on personal interests and values.
-3 psychological needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness
*interventions: provide environment where people feel competent and in control, and achieving goals with other people to have social interaction to feel related/not alone
Non-theoretical intervention research (6)
- Interventions based on motivational interviewing
- Interventions based on dog walking
- Technology interventions
- Mass media interventions
- Environmental approaches
- School-based interventions
Motivational Interviewing
- A focused method of communication used to help facilitate behaviour
change by helping people consider their own reasons for wanting to engage in a new behaviour.
-Establish trust, discuss changes, assist in thinking and talking about change, and plan practical steps
-Can lead to increased motivation to change behaviour
*purpose is to make them feel trust, understand where they are coming from, show empathy, build self-efficacy
Dog walking
-Dog walking was found to be associated with achieving recommended guidelines for physical activity
Findings include:
-30 mins of daily physical activity on more days per week
-Increase daily physical activity in teens who owned and walked dogs compared to non-dog owners
*build intervention around walking their dog to increase physical activity
Mass media interventions
Interventions that attempt to reach large numbers of individuals simultaneously through public forums, such as video, television, radio, and print.
-larger audience and increases awareness
-difficult to show effects on behaviour change
*interventions based on publicity- t.v., radio, advertisements used to increase physical activity in mass populations, hard to measure
