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EndoRepro Final > PHYS: Male Reproductive Physiology > Flashcards

PHYS: Male Reproductive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

When is FSH > LH?

A

Childhood + Senescense (menopause)

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2
Q

When is LH > FSH?

A

Adult reproductive period

*LH = getting laid*

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3
Q

What initaiates puberty?

A

The pulsatile secretion of GnRH, which drives the pulsatile secretion of FSH + LH

FSH + LH stimulate the secretion of sex steroid hormones (testosterone) and that causes boys to look different

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4
Q

What is the function of sertoli cells?

A

Provide nutrients to differentiating sperm

Form tight junctions to create a barrier between testes + blood

Secrete fluid

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5
Q

What is the function of leydig cels?

A

Synthesis + secretion of testosterone

And cholesterol

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6
Q

What converts androsternedione to testosterone(T)?

A

17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

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7
Q

What converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone?

A

5alpha-reductase

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8
Q

What are the main steroidogenic/endocrine cells in the testis?

A

Leydig cells

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9
Q

What is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of testosterone?

A

Conversion of cholesterol –> pregneolone via desmolase (or P450)

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10
Q

What stimulates the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone + regulates the overall rate of testosterone synthesis by the Leydig cells?

A

LH

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11
Q

What is the pathway for cholesterol –> DHT

A
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12
Q

What tissues produce cholesterol –> androstenedione?

A

Adrenal

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13
Q

What tissues produce testosterone —> DHT + estradiol?

A

Peripheral tissues

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14
Q

What tissue overall produces androgens?

A

Testis

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15
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Lack of descent of testesinto scrotum in the last 2-3 months of pregancy

(this action should be mediated by testosterone)

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16
Q

What does testosterone do?

A

Plus before puberty –> making you male (internal genitalia)

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17
Q

What does DHT do?

A
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18
Q

What can be used as a treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy and hair loss in males?

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitors (inhibit DHT formation)

Because the growth of the prostate + male pattern baldness depend on DHT not T

19
Q

Urinary frequency, urinary urgency, difficulty maintaining + initiating a urinary stream, feeling of postvoid fullness in bladder, and dribbling are symptoms of what disease?

A

Benign Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

20
Q

Is DHT elevatied in BPH?

A

NO! they just have more DHT receptors on their prostates.

21
Q

Leydig cells have which receptor?

A

LH

22
Q

Sertoli cells are stimulated by _____ to secrete ABP.

A

FSH

23
Q

Sertoli cells have what receptors?

A

ABP, T, and FSH.

24
Q

What are the 3 phases of spermatogenesis?

A
  1. Mitotic divisons
  2. Meiotic Divisions
  3. Spermiogenesis
25
Q

Which cells release the sperm specifically?

A

Sertoli cells

26
Q

How many spermatids are produced from one egg(spermatogonium)?

A

4

27
Q

What phagocytoses the residual body of sperm?

A

Sertoli cells

28
Q

What hormones stimulate spermatogenesis?

A

LH–> leydig cells –> T

FSH –> sertoli cells –> estrogen + spermatogenesis

GH (without it like in dwarfs, infertile)

29
Q

If you abuse testosterone what happens?

A

Increased (-) feedback of T and insufficient spermatogenesis

30
Q

Where does sperm maturation + storage occur?

A

Epidydymis (weak upon enterinr, but very mobile at the end)

31
Q

When does testosterone start to decline?

A

About 65

It gets really high at puberty and all through adulthood

32
Q

Seminal vesicles secrete a mucoid material w/ fructose + prostaglandins. What is the importance of prostaglandins?

A

They aid in fertilization

33
Q

What is the main function of the prostate gland?

A

pH Adjustment (slightly alkaline to help neutralize vagina acidity)

34
Q

What constitutes as infertile?

A

Ejaculating less than 20 million sperm each time.

35
Q

What is the pH of semen?

A

7.5

36
Q

How long can sperm survuve for after ejaculation?

A

24-48 hr at body temp

37
Q

What are the 3 erectile bodies in the penis?

A

2 corpora caverosa + 1 corpus spongiosum

When flaccid (barely any blood flow in there)

38
Q

Describe emission

A
39
Q

What causes ejaculation?

A

Rhythmic contraction of the bulbospongiosus + ischiocavernous muscles that surround the base of the penis (innervated by somatic N.’s)

40
Q

What process occurs when sperm come into contact with a female?

A

Capacitation

41
Q

What are the types of hypogonadism?

A
42
Q

What is Kallman’s Syndrome?

A

GnRH neurons fail to migrate into hypothalamus

Delayed/absent puberty + Impaired sense of smell

43
Q

What is Klinefelter syndrome?

A

XXY w/ phenotypically male

44
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sildenafil (viagra)?

A

Inhibits type 5 phosphodiesterase (which turns cGMP into GMP) maintaining an erection

EndoRepro Final (14 decks)

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