phys Final ex 3 Flashcards
The neurotransmitter receptor in a sympathetic ganglion:
nicotinic
Heart rate is slowed by
activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the heart
An increase in sympathetic activity
causes dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs
The neurotransmitter receptor in a sympathetic ganglion:
nicotinic
The neurotransmitter receptor in sympathetic target tissue:
adregenic
The neurotransmitter receptor in parasympathetic target tissue:
muscarinic
An increase in parasympathetic activity
slows heart rate
The neurotransmitter receptor in a parasympathetic ganglion:
nicotinic
Heart rate and contractility are increased by
norepinephrine activation of beta-1 receptors
Which type of muscle is striated?
both cardiac and skeletal muscle
During contraction myosin heads bind to
g-actin
The motor protein of a muscle that is an ATPase:
myosin
During isometric contraction neither the muscle nor the sarcomeres shorten. (T/F)
false, sarcomeres shorten
During contraction of striated muscle the Z disk is pulled toward the M line. (T/F)
true
In muscle, the power stroke occurs when
Pi is released from myosin
Excitation contraction coupling occurs when
calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
The rigor state occurs in muscle when
there is a deficiency of ATP
The contractile muscle cells of the heart receive
only sympathetic autonomic innervation
The S1 heart sound is produced by
closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves
Blood passively enters the heart during ventricular
diastole
The pacemaker cells of the heart receive
both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
The pacemaker cells of the heart are located in the
SA node
In which of the following vessels is blood most oxygenated?
the left pulmonary veins
The sympathetic input to the heart regulates:
the force of heart muscle contraction.
the volume of blood pumped per contraction.
the heart rate
Which heart valve is opened during ventricular systole?
Aortic
Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle cells involves
calcium induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
The ventricles contract from the apex up to the base of the heart. (T/F)
True
With regard to the blood vessels, the pressure is highest in the _____ and lowest in the _______.
aorta, venae cavae
Which of the following increases the force of ventricular contractions?
increased intracellular Ca2+
The main site of variable resistance in the vascular system:
Arterioles
Activation of which adrenergic receptor in the heart increases both heart rate and stroke volume?
Beta1
Which of the following occurs when acetylcholine receptors in cardiac pacemaker cells are activated?
K+ channels are opened, slowing heart rate
Which of the following increases cardiac output?
Increased sympathetic activity
Stroke volume is ___
the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction
When the radius of a blood vessel increases:
Resistance decreases
Which of the following receptors causes vasodilation during sympathetic stimulation?
Beta2 adrenergic
Systolic blood pressure has a greater influence on mean arterial pressure than diastolic blood pressure because the heart spends 2/3 of the cardiac cycle in ventricular systole. (T/F)
False
-Diastolic BP has a greater influence on MAP than Systolic BP because the heart spends
2/3rd of the time in diastole
Increased end diastolic volume (EDV) results in:
Increased stroke volume
Increased stretching of the left ventricle
Increased cardiac output
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
return excess fluid from the interstitium to the arterial end of capillaries
Functions of the lymphatic system?
return excess fluid from the interstitium to the venous circulation
immune system (lymphocytes and macrophages) activity
return excess fluid from the interstitium to the venous circulation
transfer of fat, absorbed from the small intestine, to the circulatory system
Granulocytic blood cells that secrete chemical agents in response to tissue damage:
Basophils
Which ion is required for blood clot formation by the coagulation cascade?
Ca2+
Lymph capillaries are highly permeable to
fluid
proteins
bacteria
Phagocytic blood cells:
Macrophages
Blood flow velocity is slowest through
capillaries
The movement of fluid out of capillaries into the interstitium results from
hydrostatic pressure in the arterial end
Blood cells that synthesize antibodies and attack invading pathogens:
Lymphocytes
All exchange of materials (nutrients, wastes, etc.) between blood and interstitial fluid occurs across the walls of
capillaries
Thrombin is involved in both the formation of fibrin clots and fibrinolysis. (T/F)
True
The movement of fluid from the interstitium into capillaries results from
colloidal osmotic pressure in the venous end
