ochem ch1

Question 1

hydrogen bonds form with:

Answer 1

F , O , N

Question 2

single bonds are ____ than multiple bonds but ____

Answer 2

longer, weaker

Question 3

covalent bonds characteristics

Answer 3

-shared e-
-when shared equally, nonpolar
-NM + NM

Question 4

ionic bonds characteristics

Answer 4

-e- are transferred
-metals will give e-, NM’s will steal e-
-metal +NM

Question 5

alkenes and alkynes are sat or unsat

Answer 5

unsaturated

Question 6

alkanes are sat or unsat

Answer 6

saturated

Question 7

methyl group

Answer 7

CH3 group

Question 7

alkene

Answer 7

contain at least one double bond

Question 7

alkyne

Answer 7

triple bond hydrocarbon

Question 7

where are CH3 groups in a structure

Answer 7

at the ends

Question 8

ether

Answer 8

when an O atom is between two C atoms
C - O - C

Question 9

alcohols

Answer 9

ending in OH. have an OH group.

Question 10

ketones

Answer 10

carbon of a carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbons

Question 11

carbonyl

Answer 11

carbon atom double bonded to oxygen atom

Question 12

aldehyde

Answer 12

contains a carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain.
-carbon with a double bond to O, single bond to H, and single bond to R

Question 13

ester

Answer 13

carbonyl group, and the carbon is bonded to another oxygen

Question 14

carboxylic acid

Answer 14

carbonyl group + hydroxyl group

Question 15

double bond contains

Answer 15

1 pi and 1 sigma

Question 16

sigma bond is

Answer 16

single bond

Question 17

triple bond is

Answer 17

2 pi and 1 sigma

Question 18

sigma bonds are ______ than pi bonds

Answer 18

STRONGER

Question 19

how do you determine hybridization around a Carbon

Answer 19

count number of atoms attached to the C, and number of lone pairs it has
then find the hybridization that matches that number.

Question 20

hydrogen can only have ____ orbital

Answer 20

S orbital

Question 21

hybridization is

Answer 21

combination of electron configs, excluding 1s

Question 22

Which of the following statements about resonance structures is true?

Answer 22

Resonance structures have the same placement of atoms but different arrangement of electrons.

Question 23

All Brønsted-Lowry bases contain a

Answer 23

lone pair of electrons or a π bond

Question 24

bronsted lowry acid is a

Answer 24

proton donor

Question 25

how to determine if a compound is a bronsted lowrey base

Answer 25

is it going to accept an H+ proton, does that compound exist. (HPO exists.) -has a pi bond or lone pair.

Question 26

how do you determine shift of equilibrium

Answer 26

whichever side is being added to, or has more ve-, the rxn will shift to the opposite side to compensate.

Question 27

why is HBr a stronger acid than HF ?

Answer 27

Br is larger than F, so HBr is more stable.

Question 28

what explains the difference in acidity between acetic acid (CH3COOH) and ethanol (CH3CH2OH)?

Answer 28

resonance

Question 29

The stronger an acid, the greater the ionization, the lower the ....

Answer 29

pka

Question 30

Resonance only occurs when a molecule has at least....

Answer 30

one double bond

Question 31

Resonance structures must all have (besides double bond)

Answer 31

the correct number of electrons and must all obey the octet rule.

Question 32

lowest pka means...

Answer 32

the stronger acid.

Question 33

how to determine strongest base

Answer 33

will have the weakest conjugate acid

Question 34

To determine the strongest acid among the compounds, we need to consider

Answer 34

the stability of their conjugate bases. -also, presence of a triple bond.

Question 35

methyl groups ____ stability

Answer 35

increase

Question 36

the stronger the acid

Answer 36

the WEAKER the conjugate base

Question 37

the more STABLE the conjugate base...

Answer 37

the more acidic the acid.

Question 38

as the S character of a Carbon atom increases,,,

Answer 38

the acidity increases.

Question 39

the more stable/weak the conjugate base, the ________

Answer 39

stronger the acid.

Question 40

A STRONG base is going to accept a proton easily because it's ...

Answer 40

LESS STABLE

Question 41

the more stable the base....

Answer 41

the more weaker it is.

Question 42

ARIO

Answer 42

atom size/EN resonance inductive orbitals

Question 43

the stronger the acid, the weaker the...

Answer 43

conjugate base

Question 44

resonance (related to basicity)

Answer 44

Delocalization lowers the energy of electrons (weaker base).

Question 45

induction

Answer 45

electronegative atoms near the basic atom stabilize the base (weaker base).

Question 46

Greater s-character (aka sp=50, sp2 = 33) in hybrid orbitals results in ....

Answer 46

weaker, more stable base

Question 47

The more larger the basic atom in a group, or the more electronegative the basic atom in a period....

Answer 47

the more stable the base (weaker base).

Question 48

alkane

Answer 48

contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds. all C - C bonds are single.